Columbian M. Rodgers, claiming that the trial court erred in failing to suppress certain evidence and in receiving that evidence at the defendant’s trial, appeals his conviction for possession with intent to dеliver cocaine.
Rodgers also complains that his sentence of not less than 2 nor more than 5 years’ imprisonment is excessive. Rodgers was given 212 days’ credit on the sentence for time served while he wаs awaiting disposition of his case. We affirm.
On October 31,1989, Rodgers, after waiving a jury trial, was tried before the district court for Douglas County on a charge of possession with intent to deliver a controlled substance (cocaine), a Class II felony, in violation of Neb. Rev. Stat. § 28-416(l)(a) (Cum. Supp. 1988), carrying a penalty of not less than 1 nor more than 50 years’ imprisonment. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 28-105 (Reissue 1985).
The State’s evidence at trial consisted оf a seven-page exhibit of police and laboratory reports, which was received without a timely objection. That exhibit reflected that on June 12, 1989, Daniel L. Clark, an Omaha Police Division officer, was in the area of the Logan Fontenelle housing project, which was known for a high rate of drug trafficking. The officer had made numerous drug arrests there. While patrolling in his cruiser, Clark observed four people, two of whom were sitting on a porch of a unit at the east end of a complex. A third, the defendant, was leaning over the porch with his hands extended. The two people seated on the porch wеre looking closely at something in Rodgers’ hands. Clark suspected that a narcotics transaction was taking place. A fourth person was located 15 feet to the east of the defendant.
When Officer Clark drove his cruiser to the south side of the project, the fourth person, appearing startled, turned in the direction of Rodgers and shouted “one time.” According to Clark, shouting “one time” is used to alert drug deаlers that a police officer is near. At that alert, Rodgers turned, looked at Clark, quickly straightened his stance, placed whatever he was holding into his right hand, clenched his right hand into a fist, and quickly walked away from Clark. Rodgers walked toward the north and around a corner of the project unit. As Rodgers rounded the corner of the housing unit, Clark observed the defendant reaching both hands toward the zipper in the front of his pants. Clark left his cruiser and began to approach the defendant. Rodgers was then out of the sight of the officer for 5 seconds. When Rodgers reappeared from around the corner of the housing unit, hе walked directly toward Clark and said, “There[’]s not any work over here Red.” According to Clark, “There[’]s not any work” means in street language “There[’]s nobody selling crack” cocaine. At that point, Clark observеd that the front zipper of Rodgers’ pants, where Rodgers had earlier been reaching, was opened wide and that the defendant’s pants were spread apart in the zipper area. Clark suspеcted that Rodgers had hidden contraband in the front of his underwear. Clark patted Rodgers for weapons, but found none. During the pat-down, Clark felt bulges in both front pockets of Rodgers’ pants, which bulges Rodgers said were cash. These “wads” of money consisted of several $20, $10, and $5 bills.
Clark directed Rodgers to walk around the corner of the complex, where no one was present. At a suppression hearing,
At police headquarters, Clark informed Rodgers of each of his Miranda rights, which the defendant waived. The defendant agreed to talk to the officer and stated that he had been selling cocaine to pay a debt. Rodgers admitted to selling cocaine three times at a ballfield, selling cocaine after his release from the Youth Development Center-Kearney in the summer of 1988, intending to give marijuana to the two people on the porch, and putting the bag of marijuana in his underwear when he went around the corner of the housing unit. The laboratory report confirmed thаt the items seized were marijuana and 35 rocks of crack cocaine.
After Rodgers was charged with possession of cocaine with intent to deliver, the defendant filed a motion to suppress “any аnd all evidence obtained” from him because it was obtained subsequent to what he alleged was an “unlawful arrest.” After an evidentiary hearing, the trial court overruled Rodgers’ motion to suppress. At that hearing, Clаrk testified that drug dealers in the Logan Fontenelle area hide drugs in their underwear and that he had previously found contraband down the front of dealers’ pants on “numerous occasions.”
In his first assignment of error, Rоdgers claims that the trial court erred in overruling his motion to suppress evidence and in allowing the evidence to be received at the defendant’s bench trial over objection. However, the bill of exceptions reveals that no timely objection was made to the State’s offer of the police and laboratory reports before they were received in evidence.
In a criminal trial, аfter a pretrial hearing and order overruling a defendant’s motion to suppress evidence, the defendant must perform the additional procedural step of objecting at trial to the admission of thе evidence which was the subject of the suppression motion in order to preserve the question of admissibility for appeal.
State
v.
Cole,
In Rodgers’ case, the trial consisted of the State’s offering into evidence exhibit 1, consisting of seven pages of police and laboratory reports. When the State made its offer, the court asked Rodgers’ counsel whether there was any objection to exhibit 1, to which the dеfense counsel responded, “No, Your Honor.” The exhibit was received in evidence. At that point the State rested. The court then asked, “Does the defendant wish to present evidence?” Defense counsel replied,
No, the defendant does not wish to present evidence, but would object to — renew our motion to suppress that was filed and heard by the Court in September of this year, would renew that motion, and object to the Court’s consideration of any evidence regarding drugs found on the defendant as being fruits of an illegal search and seizure.
The defendant’s renewed motion to suppress and his objection were subsequently overruled, and the court found the defendant guilty as charged.
If a party fails to make a timely objection to evidence, the party waives the right to assert on appeal prejudiсial error concerning the evidence received without objection.
State v. Cole, supra; State
v.
Chapman,
In his second assignment of error, Rodgers сlaims that his sentence is excessive. An order imposing a sentence within the statutorily prescribed limits will not be disturbed on appeal absent an abuse of discretion.
State v. Hall, ante
p. 169,
Rodgers claims the court abused its discretion in sentencing him. Specifically, Rodgers argues that the court did not
consider in its decision his age, the type of crime, or the crime’s lack of violence. See
State
v.
True,
The factors listed by the defendant are
among
those to be considered in the imposition of a sentence, see
State
v.
Turner, 221
Neb. 852,
“[I]n considering a proper sentence, the trial court is not limited in its discretion to any mathematically applied set of factors. It is necessarily a subjective judgment and includes the observations of the sentencing judge as to the demeanor, attitude, and all facts and circumstаnces surrounding the life of the defendant____”
State
v.
Dean, ante
p. 65, 76,
Affirmed.
