State v. Riley

Mar 4, 1901

Versions:48 A. 536

65 N.J.L. 624

36 Vroom 624

1901 N.J. LEXIS 146

The opinion of the court was delivered by

Collins, J.

The indictment in this case was for obtaining money by false pretence. It alleged that the defendant, in order to induce a contract of purchase of certain land by one John McGrath, did, on February 7th, 1894, represent that he owned the land unencumbered; and, afterward, in order to induce the payment of an installment of the purchase-price, did, on March 7th, 1898, falsely pretend that the title was still unencumbered, when, in fact, such titlе was then encumbered by a mortgage that he had given shortly after the making of the cоntract.

The proof at the trial was that, at the time of the contract, the land embraced therein was owned by one Brinkerhoff unencumbered, and, on March 23d, 1894, was by him sold аnd conveyed to the defendant, who, on the same day, gave a mortgage upоn it. No representation ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍at any other time than on February 7th, 1894, was proved, the trial court submitting the ease to the jury on the theory that silence might constitute a continuing misreрresentation. Intentional falsity of the original representation of ownership wаs expressly *625submitted as warranting conviction. This was erroneous. It doubtless escaped the notice of the trial court, as well as of the Supreme Court on review, that the indictment does not negative the fact of the defendant’s ownership. The only false pretence averred is 'that the land was, on March 7th, 1898, unencumbered. It is well settled in this stаte that in an indictment for obtaining money by false pretence every misrepresеntation relied on for conviction must be set out with sufficient particularity to apрrise the defendant of the case he-must meet. Both the representation and its'fаlsity must be-pleaded in due form. State v. Tomlin, 5 Dutcher 13, 35; Roper v. State, 39 Vroom 430; Oxx v. State, 30 Id. 99. This court, in Cunningham v. State, 33 Id. 666, explicitly declared this-rule, ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍and at the present term, in State v. Luxton, ante p. 605,. has re-declared it, although holding that defects of pleading may be cured by verdict. It fоllows that evidence not within the allegations of the indictment is incompetent to induce a conviction. As was said, in a case like the present, by Chief Justice Beasley, it is a familiar and rudimentary principle that the allegata and probata must correspond. Harris v. State, 39 Id. 436. If incompetent evidence gets intо the case, the court should protect the defendant against it by approрriate instruction to the jury. In the charge ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍under review such evidence was submitted as if competent, and the general exception taken by the defendant must prevail ta overthrow the verdict.

This leads to a reversal of the judgment of conviction, but: to no defeat of justice. As to ownership: The written contract delivered to McGrath аnd offered in evidence by the-state, although signed'without a designation of agency, wаs, by its terms, made “subject to the owner’s approval.” Except for testimony that the рurchaser could not read, the trial', court would hardly have submitted to the jury the question! of whether the defendant represented himself to be owner; and; in light of all the evidence in the case, a finding of such) a representation was not justifiable. As to encumbrance:: Brinkerhoff would not approve the contract, and, in order to carry it оut, the defendant purchased the land. He raised *626“the money to do so by means of a mortgage to a building and loan association. Whether or not he informed McGrath of this mortgage was, at the trial, a disputed question, which, ^because of its submission to the jury blended with the question of the original representation of ownership, was not •settled by the vеrdict. This mortgage was reduced as Mc-Grath paid the installments on his contract. The рayment ■of March 7th, 1898, which is the subject of the indictment, left due on the contract the sum of $150. By the state’s ■proof it ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍appeared that no more than that sum was due on .the mortgage when it was afterwards foreclosed. McGrath ■was in no way defrauded in his payment of March 7th, 1898. lie made hut one more payment, namely, $50, and with that the present indictmеnt does not deal. We have not considered the question of whether the true representation of February 7th, 1894, that the land was unencumbered, could, by the mere receipt in silence of installments on the contract, become a false pretеnce that it was on March 7th, 1898, still unencumbered.

The judgment of the Supreme Court and that of the Sessions must be reversed. •

.For affirmance—None.

For reversal—The Chancellor, Dixon, Collins, Fort, •Garretson, Bogert, ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍Krueger, Hendrickson, Adams, Vredenburgii, Voorhbes. 11.