State v. PrestonState v. Preston
- Reporters:
- , ,
- Before:
- Dranginis
Opinion
DRANGINIS, J.The defendant, Tyree D. Preston, appeals from the judgments of the trial court revoking his probation and imposing a two year sentence of incarceration. On appeal, the defendant claims that the court (1) improperly found violations of probation and (2) abused its discretion in revoking his probation. We *529conclude that both issues are moot and dismiss the appeal.
The following facts and procedural history are relevant to the defendant’s appeal. On September 28, 2001, the defendant was convicted of two counts of breach of the peace in the second degree in violation of
During the defendant’s period of probation, he was arrested and charged with assault in the first degree in violation of
While this appeal was pending, the defendant pleaded guilty to attempt to commit assault in the first degree *530in violation of
The defendant’s only remaining claim on appeal is that the court abused its discretion when it revoked his probation. The state argues that this claim is also moot because the defendant pleaded guilty to the same criminal conduct that gave rise to the violation of probation charges, which it contends renders the appeal moot in its entirety. We agree that the defendant’s claim is moot, but do so for reasons other than those advanced by the state.
We begin by noting that mootness implicates the court’s subject matter jurisdiction and is therefore a threshold issue for us to resolve. See State v. Singleton, supra, 274 Conn. 436. “It is a well-settled general rule that the existence of an actual controversy is an essential requisite to appellate jurisdiction; it is not the province of appellate courts to decide moot questions, disconnected from the granting of actual relief or from the determination of which no practical relief can follow. ... An actual controversy must exist not only at the time the appeal is taken, but also throughout the pendency of the appeal. . . . When, during the pen-dency of an appeal, events have occurred that preclude an appellate court from granting any practical relief through its disposition of the merits, a case has become moot.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Connecticut *531Coalition Against Millstone v. Rocque, 267 Conn. 116, 125-26, 836 A.2d 414 (2003). We are mindful that “[t]he determination of whether a claim has become moot is fact sensitive . . . .“Ayala v. Smith, 236 Conn. 89, 94, 671 A.2d 345 (1996).
While this appeal was pending, the defendant pleaded guilty to the same criminal charges underlying his probation revocation. As recently clarified by our Supreme Court, “[w]here, subsequent to a finding of violation of probation, a defendant is criminally convicted for the same conduct underlying the violation of probation, his appeal from that judgment of violation of probation is rendered moot because there is no longer any live controversy about whether he engaged in the conduct for which his probation was violated.” (Emphasis added.) State v. Singleton, supra, 274 Conn. 439. In Singleton, our Supreme Court reversed this court’s decision regarding the defendant’s appeal of his revocation of probation and expressly stated that, “because the defendant pleaded guilty to and was convicted of criminal conduct ‘stemming from the same criminal conduct that gave rise to the violation of his probation,’ his appeal from the trial court’s judgment revoking his probation was moot when the Appellate Court decided that appeal because there was no controversy left regarding whether he had engaged in the criminal conduct for which his probation had been revoked.” (Emphasis added.) Id., 436. Because the appeal was moot, this court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to decide the defendant’s claim in Singleton. Id.
An important factual distinction between Singleton and the present case is that in Singleton, the defendant challenged the trial court’s determination that he had violated the conditions of his probation. Id., 429. In contrast, the defendant in this case is challenging both the court’s determination that he violated the conditions *532of his probation and the court’s revocation of his probation.
At oral argument in this court, the state urged us to interpret the holding in Singleton to preclude the defendant from appealing from the court’s judgment revoking his probationary status.2 To give such a broad reading to Singleton, however, ignores the fact that there are two distinct components of a revocation of probation proceeding and also ignores the purpose of the disposition phase of a revocation of probation proceeding. When a defendant violates the terms of his probation, it does not result automatically in the court’s imposing any particular punishment. Quite the contrary, pursuant to the plain language of
This reasoning, however, does not end our inquiry as to mootness. The state also argues that State v. McEl-veen, 261 Conn. 198, 802 A.2d 74 (2002), supports its proposition that because the defendant pleaded guilty to the conduct that formed the basis of the revocation of his probation, his appeal in its entirety is moot. While McElveen is instructive, it is not so merely because the defendant pleaded guilty to the underlying offenses.4 As we noted previously, “[t]he determination of whether a claim has become moot is fact sensitive . . . .” Ayala v. Smith, supra, 236 Conn. 94. In McElveen, supra, 217, the defendant already had finished serving his sentence at the time of his appeal. Although the court recognized that there was a collateral injury from which it could grant practical relief; id., 215-16; it dismissed the appeal as moot because there was no actual controversy between the parties. Id., 217-18. In the present case, *534there may be practical relief afforded the defendant. There is no longer, however, an actual controversy between the parties. The defendant currently is serving a six year sentence and that sentence was imposed to run concurrently with the two year sentence that he received for the violations of probation. In addition, the defendant received jail credit for the period of time served in connection with the revocation of probation judgments.5
Because there is no longer an actual controversy between the parties, we conclude that the defendant’s second claim on appeal is also moot, and therefore we do not have subject matter jurisdiction. Accordingly, we do not reach the merits of the defendant’s remaining claim.
The appeal is dismissed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
Notes
At the time of his arrest, the defendant was on probation that had been imposed as part of three separate criminal sentences. The court found him in violation of probation in each case and his sentences were to run consecutively to one another.
Because mootness implicates subject matter jurisdiction, it can be raised at any stage of the proceedings. See Wolosoff v. Wolosoff, 91 Conn. App. 374, 379, 880 A.2d 977 (2005).
As stated previously, that action alone would not render a claim challenging the court’s exercise of discretion in revoking probation moot.
In this instance, had the defendant been sentenced to a term of six years incarceration to run consecutively with his outstanding sentence, rather than concurrently, or had the defendant not received jail credit for the time he had served in relation to the judgments revoking the defendant’s probation, there would have been an actual controversy between the parties, and we would have had subject matter jurisdiction to decide the defendant’s remaining claim on appeal.