State v. Powell
169 P. 46
Mont.
1917
Check Treatment
MR. JUSTICE HOLLOWAY

delivered the opinion of the court.

Sherman A. Powell was convicted of murder in the first degree, and appeals from the judgment and from an order denying him a new trial.

1. The court sustained an objection to a question asked the [1] witness Yammer, but later the witness was recalled, the question repeated, and then answered fully. No prejudice resulted from the first ruling, even if it was erroneous, which -we do not concede. (State v. Tudor, 47 Mont. 185, 131 Pac. 632; State v. Booth, 46 Mont. 334, 127 Pac. 1017.),

*2192. Error is predicated upon the refusal of the court to give defendant’s requested instructions 1 and 2, as follows:

“ (1) You are instructed that the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt the fact that the defendant was at fault in the first instance in bringing on or provoking the difficulty, or in other words, that he was the aggressor in the ease, rests upon the prosecution, and not upon the accused person.

“(2) You are instructed that, if any proof offered by the state tends to show that the defendant was excused or justified in killing J. H. Montgomery, then you should acquit the defendant:’ ’

Of course, the burden is never upon the accused to prove any [2] fact beyond a reasonable doubt, much less to prove that he himself was the aggressor; but, the court having told the jury that the state must prove beyond a reasonable doubt every material fact necessary to make out the crime charged, it was not necessary to repeat the same rule in the negative form, or apply it to one isolated fact.

The first portion of instruction 1 is not a correct statement of the law, and is not applicable to the facts of this case. In [3] some instances it may become a material inquiry to determine who was the aggressor in the first instance, but it is not always so. The evidence discloses that deceased and defendant, employees of the Great Northern Railway Company, became engaged in a quarrel over a game of cards; that the quarrel subsided and deceased unrobed and went to bed in a parlor-car; that defendant left his presence, went to the kitchen of a dining-car adjoining the parlor-car, secured a butcher-knife, and about an hour later returned to where deceased was in bed and stabbed him with the knife. It is wholly immaterial who was at fault in the first instance, if the deceased withdrew from the quarrel and defendant then formed the deliberate purpose to kill, armed himself, and carried his intention into execution. Defendant’s version is that he armed himself for defense only, that he returned to get his coat from the car where deceased was sleeping, that deceased attempted to shoot him, and that he *220struck with the knife in necessary self-defense. If this story had been accepted by the jury, a different verdict would have been commanded; but in the light of all the surrounding facts and circumstances the jury AA'ere at liberty to discredit his testimony, AAdiieh they must have done.

Instruction 1 is quoted from an opinion in Lawson v. State, 171 Ind. 431, 84 N. E. 974, but does not include the context which makes the observation of the court pertinent to the facts of that particular case.

3. The meaning of instruction 2 is not very clear. The word [4,5] "proof” is evidently used as synonymous with "evidence,” and, so employed, the error is apparent at a glance. Assume that one witness for the state testifies to facts which tend to mitigate, justify or excuse, while all the other evidence tends to the contrary conclusion, the defendant is not entitled to his discharge because of this fact, but it still remains for the jury to say Avhether, upon the whole case made, the state has established the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The use of the word "any” before the word "proof” destroys the sense, if the instruction was intended to convey the idea expressed in section 9282, Revised Codes. In that section the AA’ord "proof” is used to designate the effect of all .the evidence produced by the prosecution.

In order to avail himself of any affirmative defense, such as self-defense, after proof has been made that homicide was committed by the defendant, the statute imposes upon him the burden of furnishing sufficient evidence to raise a reasonable doubt of his guilt. (State v. Leakey, 44 Mont. 354, 120 Pac. 234.) If the effect of the evidence offered by the state is to show, or tend to show, mitigation, justification, or excuse — in other words, if the state makes out the defense for him by raising a reasonable doubt of his guilt- — the defendant may avail himself of his affirmative defense without proof on his part. This is the meaning of section 9282 above, and this analysis is sufficient to disclose the error in the offered instruction.

*221The court gave in one instruction the text of section 9282, [6] and further informed the jury, in the language of section 8303, Revised Codes, that: ‘ ‘ The homicide appearing to be justifiable or excusable, the person charged must upon his trial, be fully acquitted and discharged.” If the defendant desired that these provisions be amplified by a further statement defining accurately the quantum of proof required as indicated by this court in numerous decisions (State v. Peel, 23 Mont. 358, 75 Am. St. Rep. 529, 59 Pac. 169; State v. Felker, 27 Mont. 451, 71 Pac. 668; State v. Crean, 43 Mont. 47, Ann. Cas. 1912C, 424, 114 Pac. 603), it was incumbent upon him to tender an instruction stating the rule. (State v. Gordon, 35 Mont. 458, 90 Pac. 173; State v. Tracey, 35 Mont. 552, 90 Pac. 791.) By his failure to offer such an instruction he is precluded now from complaining of the instructions which follow the language of the statute and are not inherently erroneous.

The judgment and order are affirmed.

Affirmed.

Mr. Chief Justice Brantly and Mr. Justice Sannee concur. Rehearing denied December 17, 1917.