87 Vt. 144 | Vt. | 1913
This respondent was convicted under P. S. 5454, which requires an attending physician to report to the health officer known or suspected cases of communicable diseases, dangerous to the public health. The illness directly involved was that of Pearl, infant daughter of William S. Newton, of Tyson, a small village in the town of Plymouth, who was attended by the respondent on several occasions between January 3rd and 8th, 1911, and who died on the 9th, from diphtheria — ■ as the evidence tended to show.
Prom the very necessities of the case, the State was obliged to rely upon circumstantial evidence to prove that the respondent knew or suspected that Pearl Newton’s case was one of diph
In disposing of this matter in this general way, we are treating the questions as though sufficiently raised by the exceptions saved. It is proper to state, however, that these are all or nearly all entirely inadequate, for they are mere general objections not specifying any ground therefor. State v. Comstock, 86 Vt. 42; Paige v. McCarthy, 86 Vt. 127. The court did say, however, that this line of evidence might be received subject to respondent’s exceptions, and lest this statement may have been regarded as an assurance that specific grounds need not be stated, we have deemed it best, — without intending thereby to establish a precedent — to make this brief disposition of the points argued.
Dr. Haselton was a witness for the state. He was asked a hypothetical question, as follows: “If you should be called into a family where one of the family complained of a sore throat, the mother, and there was a child two years old that was ill, had difficulty in breathing, and there had been eases of diphtheria in the immediate vicinity from four to six weeks before, and one member of the family with whom another member of the family had been at the time, had died of diphtheria, would
To this question the respondent objected as not warranted by the testimony. This meant, of course, that the evidence did not sustain the assumed facts. The witness was used out of time for special reasons, and the state assured the court that the foundation would be supplied. The court suggested that it was not a question what the witness would naturally suspect, and the state’s attorney modified the question by asking, “What would an ordinary practicing physician naturally suspect if under such circumstances?” Thereupon, respondent’s counsel said, “We desire an exception because it is not a proper question as framed.” The witness answered that he thought he would suspect diphtheria. To the question as finally admitted, the only objection was to its form. But this is a matter within the discretion of the court and not subject to review. Besides, the particular in which the question was improper was not pointed out, so there was nothing specific for the court to rule upon. Nor would the matter be affected if we regard the objection for want of a foundation to "follow along; for the evidence fairly tended to establish each of the facts assumed in the question,— save only slight and unimportant details, like the age of the child which was two years and five months instead of as stated.
It appeared that Myrtie Newton, a sister of Pearl, was sick at the house of a neighbor and died there November 8, 1910. After her burial and before Pearl’s sickness, by direction of the state authorities, Drs. Stone and Dalton of Burlington caused her body to be exhumed, and in the presence of the respondent, performed an autopsy thereon, and showed the respondent the condition of the throat. This was on November 19. The organs removed from the body were shown Dr. Kidder, a witness for the state and a member of the state board of health, and he testified as to what the organs were and that the larynx showed a diphtheritic membrane. This answer was objected to, but no ground of objection was stated, so we take no time with it. The witness was then asked, “Would that (diphtheritic membrane) be apparent to an ordinary practicing physician?” This question was objected to because it was “having the witness take the place of the jury.” The question was then modified slightly, and subject to exception, the witness answered that he thought it would.
In sustaining the admission of this evidence, we are doing no more than is always done in a malpractice case, wherein a duly qualified physician is allowed to testify to the local standard of professional skill, and that a given course of treatment did or not meet its requirements, — though the witness be of more professional prominence than the doctor whose treatment is in question and practices elsewhere. Willard v. Norcross, 86 Vt. 426. In such eases, the expert is giving 'the jury information as to the progress and condition of local professional knowledge, and that is all that was done here.
Other medical witnesses testified to like effect, but need not be specially referred to.
The respondent claims that certain witnesses were allowed to testify in advance to matters which should have come in in rebuttal and that by this procedure he was prejudiced. But the order in which evidence shall be admitted is within the court’s discretion, Slack v. Bragg, 83 Vt. 404, even in criminal cases, State v. Magoon, 50 Vt. 333, provided this does not appear to have worked to the legal disadvantage of the excepting party. Nothing of the kind resulted here. No ground was stated for the objection to Dr. Kidder’s testimony regarding the antiseptic solution, so for reasons already referred to herein, no question is thereby raised. The same thing is true regarding the cross-examination of the witness Estey regarding his telephonic conversation with Dr. Kidder, — only a general objection was made; while the testimony of Dr. Kidder on the same subject was-not objected to at all.
There was no error in admitting the reports from the state laboratory on the cultures taken from the throat of Leroy Hyde. These were taken by the respondent between November 14th and 26th, 1910, and sent by him; and the reports came back to him. Some, he admitted, were positive. They had the same bearing upon the main issue that the other evidence regarding the previous cases of diphtheria at Tyson’had, — they added to the sum of the respondent’s knowledge another circumstance
The exception to the cross-examination of Mrs. Hyde is without merit. It was at the house of this witness that Myrtie Newton died. The witness testified to and was being cross-examined about her sickness and her symptoms. Being asked whether she heard Myrtie complain of sore throat, an objection was made; but it was only because the question had already been answered. It cannot be said that it was legal error for a court to allow a question and answer to be repeated in cross-examination.
Just before the respondent rested, he asked the court to order the state to produce the lungs of Myrtie Newton. These had been present during the trial, but then had been taken away by Dr. Stone, who had been called home. The court declined to make the order and the respondent excepted. Such matters are ordinarily discretionary and not subject to review, and here the respondent is not in a position to complain, for he made no application for a continuance or even delay that he might secure the return of Dr. Stone with the organs called for. Willard v. Norcross, 86 Vt. 426.
The respondent seasonably presented twenty-eight requests to charge, and excepted to “the failure and refusal of the court to charge in accordance with respondent’s requests,” specifying twenty-one of them by number, “and to the charge as given in respect thereto.” No question regarding the charge is thereby presented. In re Bean’s Will, 85 Vt. 452.
Judgment that there is no error and that the respondent takes nothing by his exceptions. Let execution of sentence be done.