State v. Ocean
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Defendant was charged with burglary in the second degree by Information of District Attorney, which alleged he “did knowingly and unlawfully enter a building located at 5253 Southeast 82nd Avenue, with the intent to commit the crime of theft therein * * Defendant waived a jury trial and was convicted by the court. He appeals, contending that
At the trial a store detective for Fred Meyer, Inc., testified that at about 8 p.m. on January 4,1975, while the retail store where she worked was open to the public, she saw defendant pushing a shopping cart through the store, loading groceries into shopping bags. She testified that the defendant then pushed the cart out the door and into the parking lot without going through a check stand or paying for the groceries. After confronting him and bringing him back into the store, she recognized his name as that of a person who had been prohibited from entering any Fred Meyer, Inc., property.
Another Fred Meyer, Inc., detective testified that on June 8, 1974, seven months before and at another Fred Meyer store in Multnomah County, she had apprehended defendant for shoplifting groceries. Under authorization from the store management she had read to defendant a document barring him from any Fred Meyer property.
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Defendant did not put on any testimony at trial. In his brief he noted that he did not contest the evidence showing that he had the intent to commit theft at the time of his entry into the store.
Defendant urges three contentions why the trial judge erred in denying his motion for judgment of acquittal: (1) that the defendant’s entry was not
unlawful under the burglary statute,
The first question requires an interpretation of the second degree burglary statute.
“A person commits the crime of burglary in the second degree if he enters or remains unlawfully in a building with intent to commit a crime therein.”
“Enters or remains unlawfully” is defined in
” ‘Enter or remain unlawfully’ means:
“(a) To enter or remain in or upon premises when the premises, at the time of such entry or remaining, are not open to the public or when the entrant is not otherwise licensed or privileged to do so; or
“(b) To fail to leave premises that are open to the public after being lawfully directed to do so by the person in charge.”
Both parties agree that defendant was not charged under
In Proposed Oregon Criminal Code 143, § 135 (1970), the Criminal Law Revision Commission defined “enter or remain unlawfully” as follows:
“(3) ‘Enter or remain unlawfully’ means to enter or remain in or upon premises when the premises, at the time of such entry or remaining, are not open to the public and when the actor is not otherwise licensed or privileged to do so.” (Emphasis supplied.)
The Commission later amended § 135(3), changing “and” to “or,” so that the last clause became an alter native to the first. Minutes, Criminal Law Revision Commission, Subcommittee No. 1, November 19,1970, pp 1-8; Minutes, Criminal Law Revision Commission, December 10, 1970, pp 1-3. The legislature adopted this change when it adopted the Criminal Code. Oregon Laws 1971, ch 743, § 135. We conclude that in adopting its amended version the legislature intended that the clause following “or” refer to a person who does not have a license to enter as a member of the general public even when the premises are otherwise open to the public. See: Roy L. Houck & Sons v. Tax Com., 229 Or 21, 32, 366 P2d 166 (1961); Lommasson v. School Dist. No. 1, 201 Or 71, 79, 261 P2d 860, 267 P2d 1105 (1953).
” ‘Open to the public’ means premises which by their physical nature, function, custom, usage, notice or lack thereof or other circumstances at the time would cause a reasonable person to believe that no permission to enter or remain is required.”
Since defendant Ocean had been prohibited from entering any Fred Meyer store at all without permission from an officer of the corporation, he was not a member of the
Defendant cites State v. Taylor, 17 Or App 499, 522 P2d 499, Sup Ct review denied (1974), in support of his argument that the burglary statute does not apply to defendant’s actions. In that case we said:
“* * * Under these statutes [ORS 164.215(1) , 164.205(3)(a) and (4)], when a person enters or remains in an area that, at the time he enters or remains is ‘open to the public,’ the act of entering or remaining is not ‘unlawful’ and cannot be the basis of a burglary charge.” 17 Or App at 501.
In making that statement, however, this court quoted and considered only the first clause of
Defendant contends that even if the statute is to be interpreted to make his entry unlawful, it is unconstitutional for a retail chain store to permanently bar an individual from any of its premises. In this case, defendant was originally barred because he was found shoplifting, his second entry was made with intent to shoplift, it was seven months later, and it was in the same county. On these facts, we find no constitutional violation. See: 1971 Duke L J 995.
Defendant’s third reason why motion for judgment of acquittal should have been granted is that the legislature did not intend that the burglary statute cover entering a store with intent to commit theft when the store was open to the public. He contends that burglary is a more serious crime than that and involves some type of breaking and entering. In its Commentary to § 136, burglary in the second degree, in Proposed Oregon Criminal Code (1970), the Criminal Law Revision Commission stated at page 44:
“The basic definition of burglary and the lowest degree of the crime is dealt with by this section. It amounts to nothing more than a form of criminal trespass with two aggravating factors: (1) the premises invaded constitute a ‘building’; and (2) the intruder enters or remains with intent to commit a crime therein.”
We conclude that the legislature’s intent was that actions such as defendant’s would be included under
Affirmed.
