84 Kan. 628 | Kan. | 1911
The opinion of the court was delivered by
Charles Nordmark was charged with having murdered Alexander Lindahl on March 26, 1910, and upon a trial he was convicted of murder in the second degree. On this appeal the principal complaint is that the verdict of the jury is not sustained by the evidence.
There was no eyewitness to the killing, and in this, as in most cases where conviction rests on circumstantial evidence, there is a claim that the guilt of appellant is not shown with the certainty which is necessary to a conviction. It was shown that Nordmark and Lindahl lived on adjoining farms and that between them there had been a bitter hatred for some time, arising mostly from the fact that Nordmark had charged Lindahl with stealing his property, and it had been demonstrated that Lindahl had stolen many articles belonging to Nordmark and had committed numerous depredations on his property. Frequently Nordmark had expressed the opinion that Lindahl should be killed and made threats of shooting him, and often he had expressed the opinion that he could not get legal redress for the wrongs inflicted on him by -Lindahl, but that he would “get him,” and on the night before the killing a threat of this kind was made. It appears that on the afternoon of March 26, 1910, Lindahl and his two children went down to his boat landing on the Republican river, which was near the corner of the Nordmark farm.' Nordmark was at work near the landing about the time the killing was done. About four o’clock that afternoon two witnesses, who were
The inference drawn by the state from the facts, not all of which have been stated, is that just as Lindahl was embarking or landing the boat Nordmark, who it is conceded was working in an adjoining field and who on the night before had threatened to kill Lindahl, fired the shots which killed the Lindahls; that Lindahl’s body fell into the water and floated to the spot where it was found; that the bodies of the children remained in the boat, which was carried down by the current, and when the boat reached the sand bar it was caused to swing around into the quiet water, where it lodged. Nordmark conceded that there was animosity between himself and Lindahl and did not deny the threats mentioned, but he did deny that he had anything to do with the killing of the Lindahls. His theory was that Lindahl might have quarreled with other parties who were boating or fishing on the river and had been killed by them, and that they placed the bodies near the Nordmark place so as to direct suspicion toward him.
There is a complaint about the admission of testimony by witness Dunlap to the effect that the shrubs or underbrush near the landing had been severed by buckshot, and also that the empty shells found near the landing had been loaded with buckshot. If a witness has acquired peculiar knowledge or skill, by experience, observation or practice on a subject with which the mass of mankind is not supposed to be acquainted, he may give his opinion on it. Expert opinion evidence is admitted as to the use and effect of firearms by one
It is argued that the limb supposed to have been cut by the shot, the photographs of the landing and vicinity and the shells found near there should not have been received in evidence unless it was first shown that there was a connection between them and the killing of Lindahl at that place. There was circumstantial evidence offered which fairly tended to show that the killing was done at the landing. There was proof that Lindahl and the children went to the landing, that shots were heard in that locality, and that smoke, apparently from them, floated away. The body of .Lindahl was found near there, pierced by shot of the same kind as appeared to have cut the limb or brush which was offered in evidence and which had grown six or eight feet from the landing. The other testimony, tending to show that Nordmark had the motive, was in the vicinity when the shots were fired, and had both the means and the opportunity to commit the offense, made a sufficiently close connection between the place and the accused to justify the receipt of the testimony. The nature, location and physical characteristics of the place of the killing and the conditions existing in the immediate vicinity may certainly all be offered as a part of the history of the transaction and to assist the court and jury in understanding the testimony. Photographs
Nor was there error in admitting the testimony of Doctor Decker, the coroner, in regard to the condition of the bodies of Lindahl and his children. It .is insisted that testimony as to the children had no bearing on the charge of killing Lindahl and was necessarily prejudicial to appellant. The shooting, according to the testimony, was a single and continuous transaction, as all the Lindahls appear to have been killed at practically the same time and by the same means. The testimony as to the children not only assisted in showing how the killing was done, but it also tended to show the plan and purpose of the accused in committing the crime charged. The fact that evidence which tends toward proving an accused guilty may also tend to prove the commission of another offense does not render it inadmissible. (The State v. Calhoun, 75 Kan. 259; The State v. Hansford, 81 Kan. 300; The State v. Chance, 82 Kan. 388.)
Another complaint is that the court, in denying a motion for a new trial, refused a request to state' definitely and distinctly the facts and circumstances upon which the court founded its approval of the verdict. In other words, that it denied an application to make special findings of fact which in the opinion.of the trial court support the verdict of the jury. Counsel frankly admits that he knows of no authority for such a practice and there appears to be no warrant for it in the statutes. It may be that such a procedure would serve a good purpose in some cases, but this court is not warranted in adding such a requirement to that prescribed by the legislature. In a few cases trial courts
One of the grounds of the motion for a new trial was newly discovered evidence, and supporting it was the testimony of a witness to the effect that on Sunday, the 27th of' March, 1910, he heard a noise which sounded like the chug of a motor boat, that he only knew of three motor boats on the river, and that they were owned by Lindahl, Weber and Shivers. It is said to be material testimony, either that Lindahl was yet alive or that Weber and Shivers were in the vicinity of the Nordmark farm at that time and may have been connected with the crime. Apart from the fact that little diligence was shown in procuring the testimony of the witness, the proposed testimony is too indefinite and remote to justify a new trial. Unless the evidence is so material that it would be likely to produce a different result the court is not warranted in setting aside the verdict. The witness stated that he knew of but three boats on the river, but there may have been a number of others of which he knew nothing; but, taking the strongest inference that could be drawn from the proposed testimony, and adding to it that which was received, there is no reason to think that a jury would reach a different verdict.
Much is said about it being unreasonable to suppose
The court is admonished to be careful in finally determining the guilt of the accused of so serious a charge on indirect and inconclusive evidence, but a reading of the whole testimony impels the opinion that the jury were warranted in the verdict returned. The series of circumstances, so closely related to each other and connected with facts established by direct evidence, are quite persuasive and strongly tend to prove that the accused committed the crime. The question here is only whether there is sufficient evidence to sustain the verdict, and to the jury was committed the decision as to whether that evidence was sufficiently satisfactory and convincing to warrant them in finding the accused guilty. It must be assumed that the jury were duly cautioned'by the trial court not to convict on the evidence submitted unless every element of the offense was proved to their satisfaction and beyond a reasonable doubt, since the accused was satisfied with the instructions given. The law places the great responsi
We find no sufficient reason to set aside the verdict and decision, and therefore the judgment is affirmed.