[¶ 1] Dаvid Nielsen appeals an order entered in the Superior Court (Cumberland County, Perkins, A.R.J.) denying his motion to dismiss the criminal indictment brought against him. 1 Nielsen cоntends that by refusing to dismiss the indictment, the court violated his rights under the Double Jeopardy Clauses of the United States and Maine Constitutions. We agree with Nielsen and remand to the Superior Court with instructions to enter a judgment dismissing the indictment.
[¶ 2] On December 10,1998, Nielsen was indicted on charges of criminаl threatening with a dangerous weapon and assault pursuant to 17-A M.R.S.A. §§ 207, 209 (1988 & Supp.1999). On April 22, 1999, the jury trial date for the two charges in the Superior Court (Bradford, J.), the Stаte indicated that although all of its other witnesses were available, its key witness and the alleged victim, Virginia Burke, could not be located, even though she had been subpoenaed and a warrant issued for her arrest. The State continued its attempts to find Burke, and decided to proceed with its other witnesses.
[¶ 3] The jury was impaneled, four State’s witnesses were examined, and the case was then continued over Nielsen’s objection to allow the State time to locate Burke. When the trial reconvened four days later, Burke had still not been located. Following the State’s disclosure that it intended to rest on the evidence already presented without Burke’s testimony, Nielsen moved for a judgment of acquittal, citing a lack of substantive evidence as well as a violation of his right of confrontation. The State then mоved for a mistrial. The court found that Burke was unavailable as a witness through no fault of the State, and granted the mistrial on grounds of public neсessity based on the “inability of the state to compel the attendance of Miss Burke.”
[¶ 4] Nielsen later moved to dismiss the indictment, which had been amended in the meantime, on the ground that a second trial would violate his double jeopardy rights. It is from the court’s denial of the motion tо dismiss that Nielsen appeals.
[¶ 5] The Double Jeopardy Clauses of the U.S. Constitution,
2
applied to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment,
Benton v. Maryland,
[¶ 6] The State may retry a defendant following a declaration
of
mistrial only when “taking all the circumstances into consideration, there is a manifest necessity for the act, or the ends of publiс justice would otherwise be defeated.”
United States v. Perez,
[¶ 7] On аppeal of a denial of a motion to dismiss on grounds of double jeopardy following a mistrial based on manifest necessity, we review the ruling of the motion justice to determine whether the findings of fact of the trial justice, and of the motion justice, are supported by substantiаl evidence, and whether the legal conclusion is correct.
Landry,
[¶ 8] It is undisputed in this case that jeopardy had attached at the impaneling of the jury on Apiri 22, 1999. Wе must determine whether the unavailability of the State’s key witness was a sufficient basis on which to conclude that there was a manifest necеssity to declare a mistrial and to remove the second prosecution from the scope of double jeopardy protection.
Friel,
[¶ 9] The State was aware that its most important witness was unavailable before the trial began. It could have sought a continuance, or dismissed the case without prejudice prior to trial and reindiсted Nielsen at a later time. The State chose instead to proceed with the trial and present those witnesses that were available. Only after Nielsen moved for a judgment of acquittal did the State move for a mistrial.
[¶ 10] The State contends that the unavailability of its key witness through no fault of the State is sufficient reason for the declaration of a mistrial. Nielsen argues that the absence of a witness cаn
never
constitute manifest necessity. Although Nielsen is correct that the law does not encourage mistrials based on the unavailability of prosecution witnesses,
Arizona v. Washington,
[¶ 11] There have been very few cases, however, in which double jeopardy did not operate to bar the retrial of a defendant following a mistrial based on a witness’s unavailability. 5 This is not one of those few cases.
[¶ 12] In choosing to proceed with the jury trial, the State assumed the risk оf not finding its key witness, and decided to rest on the evidence presented through other witnesses. To require Nielsen to stand trial a second timе would be to
The entry is:
Denial of the mоtion to dismiss vacated. Remanded to the Superior Court for the entry of a judgment of dismissal.
Notes
. "[A] pretrial order denying a motion to dismiss based on double jeopardy grounds is immediately appealable under [an] exception to the final judgment rule_”
State v. Lebroke,
. "[N]or shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb .... ” U.S. Const, amend. V.
. "No person, for the same offense, shall be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb." Me. Const, art. I, § 8.
. Nielsen did not consent to the mistrial in this case.
. In
Wade,
for example, manifest necessity was upheld for mistrial in a court-martial where American troops’ advances into Germany during World War II necessitated movement of the command post holding the court-martial too far from thе location of crucial civilian witnesses, rendering them unavailable.
Wade,