State v. MurrayState v. Murray
- Reporters:
- , ,
- Before:
- Coleman
This appeal involves a belated post-conviction relief (PCR) petition. The primary issue raised is whether an alleged attorney conflict of interest converts a defendant’s custodial confinement into an illegal sentence within the meaning of
I.
Defendant and co-defendant John Sheil were indicted for robbing a Pizza Hut restaurant in Hamilton Township while armed with guns, and committing an aggravated sexual assault upon the assistant manager. Co-defendant Sheil pled guilty to first-degree robbery. Defendant elected to go to trial; a jury convicted him of aggravated sexual assault and two first-degree robberies. The trial court sentenced defendant on March 4, 1988 to concurrent twenty-year terms of imprisonment with ten years of parole ineligibility on the aggravated assault and the robberies. The judgment of conviction was affirmed on December 28, 1988 and this Court denied certification in February 1989. The United States Federal District Court for the District of New Jersey denied a writ of habeas corpus on August 14,1990.
Defendant filed the present PCR application on December 10, 1995, some seven years and nine months after the judgment of conviction was entered. He contended, among other things, that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. The basis for that claim was an alleged potential attorney conflict of interest arising from the fact that defendant’s counsel and the attorney for the co-defendant shared office space and a telephone number during defendant’s trial.
The trial court dismissed the PCR petition because it had been filed more than thirty-three months beyond the five-year time limit delineated in
In a published opinion, the Appellate Division reversed. 315
N.J.Super.
535, 719 A.2d 190 (App.Div.1998). The panel agreed with the trial court that defendant had not established excusable neglect; however, it disagreed with the trial court’s finding that a potential attorney conflict of interest did not exist. The panel found that because the co-defendant was represented in his plea negotiations by Nicholas Stroumtsos, Jr., Esq., a lawyer who apparently shared an office and telephone with defendant’s lawyer, Jules Roller, Esq., there was a potential violation of
Bellucci
and
Rule of Professional Conduct
1.7. The Appellate Division reasoned that the potential conflict of interest made the sentence illegal, and as such, excused the thirty-three month delay in filing the PCR petition. Relying on
State v. Norman,
151
N.J.
5, 697 A.2d 511 (1997), the panel held that once defendant had demon-r strated that there was a potential conflict, he was not obligated to
meet the
Strickland v. Washington
test because prejudice is presumed upon the finding of a potential conflict. Because of the potential attorney conflict, the panel concluded that defendant’s sentence was illegal and that under
II.
The State argues that the Appellate Division erred in holding that defendant’s
III.
The grounds upon which post-conviction relief may be granted are enumerated in
Defendant attempted to satisfy both exceptions. The determination by the courts below that defendant did not satisfy the excusable neglect exception is supported by the record.
See State v. Locurto,
157
N.J.
463, 470-72, 724 A.2d 234 (1999);
State v. Johnson,
42
N.J.
146, 161-62, 199 A.2d 809 (1964). Defendant’s assertion that he lacks sophistication in the law does not satisfy the exceptional circumstances required by
State v. Mitchell,
126
N.J.
565, 580, 601 A.2d 198 (1992).
See also State v. Dugan,
289
N.J.Super.
15, 22, 672 A.2d 1240 (App.Div.) (holding that misunderstanding the meaning of
Although the New Jersey Code of Criminal Justice,
N.J.S.A.
2C:1-1 to 2C:104-9 (Code), does not define the term “illegal sentence,” the Code does specify the sentence or penalty for each offense and the authorized dispositions.
N.J.S.A.
2C.-43-2. Our court rules, which establish the framework for the filing and disposition of PCR petitions, have defined the meaning of “illegal sentence.” According to the Rules, relief may be granted to a PCR applicant based on the “imposition of [a] sentence in excess of or otherwise not in accordance with the sentence authorized by law.”
The first category covers sentences that exceed the penalties authorized by statute for a specific offense. State v. Clark, 65 N.J. 426, 436-37, 323 A.2d 470 (1974). For example, under the now repealed Title 2A sentencing scheme, a defendant was not permitted to be sentenced to a term of ten to fifteen years for an offense that carried a maximum-permitted sentence of seven years. State v. Matlock, 49 N.J. 491, 502, 231 A.2d 369 (1967). The same is true under the Code. A sentence that exceeds the maximum penalty provided in the Code for a particular offense would be illegal.
State v. Preciose, supra,
relied on by the Appellate Division, does not support its holding. In that case we determined that “[i]neffective-assistance of counsel claims are particularly suitable for post-conviction review.”
Preciose, supra,
129
N.J.
at 460, 609 A.2d 1280. The Court ruled that such claims will be afforded post-conviction review because they “often cannot reasonably be
raised in a prior proceeding.”
Ibid.
The Court observed that although “considerations of finality and procedural enforcement count for little when a defendant’s life or liberty hangs in the balance,” procedural requirements continue to be significant.
Id.
at 476, 609 A.2d 1280. Therefore, the Court reaffirmed that, “other than challenges to the legality of a sentence, petitions for post-conviction relief must be filed within five years of the judgment or sentence in the absence of facts demonstrating excusable neglect justifying delay.”
Ibid.
Thus, while
Preciose
refused to read the exceptions to
The Appellate Division’s reliance on
State v. Paladino,
203
N.J.Super.
537, 497 A.2d 562 (App.Div.1985), is similarly misplaced. Unlike the present ease,
Paladino
involved a direct appeal from the denial of a timely motion to vacate guilty pleas and an untimely motion for a new trial based on a claim of lack of jurisdiction.
Id.
at 546-550, 497 A.2d 562. Because the motions or the appeal taken from their denial was filed out of time, the Appellate Division relied on
We conclude that defendant’s sentence was legal under the relevant statutory criteria. Defendant was convicted of two first-degree crimes, aggravated sexual assault and armed robbery, and sentenced to an aggregate term of twenty-years imprisonment with a ten-year parole ineligibility
The reasons behind the rigorous five-year time limit for filing PCR petitions were articulated by this Court in State v. Mitchell, supra. First, the passing of time after a conviction increases the difficulties associated with a fair and accurate reassessment of the events. Mitchell, supra, 126 N.J. at 575, 601 A.2d 198. Second, respect for the finality of judgments and the undesirable uncertainty fostered by unlimited relitigation support the enforcement of a time bar on petitions. Id. at 576, 601 A.2d 198. Finally, the time bar encourages petitioners to file their claims early, and “discourages them from sitting on their rights until it is too late for a court to render justice.” Ibid. The five-year period established by the Rule commences when the judgment of conviction is entered and is generally neither stayed nor tolled by an appellate or other proceeding. State v. Afanador, 151 N.J. 41, 52-58, 697 A.2d 529 (1997); State v. Dugan, supra, 289 N.J.Super. at 19, 672 A.2d 1240; State v. Dillard, 208 N.J.Super. 722, 727, 506 A.2d 848 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 105 N.J. 527, 523 A.2d 169 (1986).
In addition to concluding that defendant’s sentence is not illegal, we hold that a claim of attorney conflict falls outside the definition of an illegal sentence.
IV.
The final question presented is whether defendant is entitled to an evidentiary hearing to determine whether there was attorney conflict of interest. The Appellate Division concluded that such a hearing is required. We agree.
It is undisputed that a defendant has the right to counsel whose representation is unimpaired and whose loyalty is undivided. Bellucci, supra, 81 N.J. at 538, 410 A.2d 666. But not every potential attorney conflict rises to such an unacceptable level that it deprives a defendant of the right to effective assis tance of counsel. The relevant inquiry in potential conflict of interest situations is the potential impact the alleged conflict will likely have upon defendant. Although Bellucci held that “once a potential conflict exists, prejudice will be presumed in the absence of waiver,” id. at 543, 410 A.2d 666, that holding has been read narrowly in later cases. In State v. Bell, 90 N.J. 168, 447 A.2d 525 (1982), the Court held that representation of co-defendants in the same criminal action by separate attorneys of the Public Defender’s office did not give rise to a presumption of prejudice. The Bell Court concluded that where circumstances “demonstrate a potential conflict of interest and a significant likelihood of prejudice, the presumption of both an actual conflict of interest and actual prejudice will arise, without the necessity of proving such prejudice.” Id. at 171, 447 A.2d 525 (emphasis added).
Bellucci
is reserved for classic cases of conflict of interest, such as when the same attorney or partnership represents both parties to an action or two defendants in a criminal case and no waiver is obtained.
See State v. Norman,
151
N.J.
5, 25, 697 A.2d 511 (1997). However, in other cases, the court examines the conflict of interest and evaluates the likelihood of prejudice.
See Norman, supra,
151
N.J.
at 25, 697 A.2d 511;
Bell, supra,
90
N.J.
at 171, 447 A.2d 525. In
Norman,
the Court found that partnership negotiations and shared office space did not give rise to a presumption of prejudice where the attorneys otherwise conducted their affairs separately by having, “separate phones, secretaries, files, and bank accounts.” 151
N.J.
at 26, 697 A.2d 511. Based on the record in the present case, the two attorneys in question were not partners and did not claim to be associated in any way. They shared office space and a phone number. The record does not reveal whether other indicia of affiliation existed, such as the status of their finances, files, secretaries, bank accounts, and contracts. The present record,
If on the remand the trial court is convinced that an attorney conflict of interest existed that created a presumption of prejudice, the court should apply the injustice exception in
The judgment of the Appellate Division is modified and affirmed. The matter is remanded to the Law Division for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
For modification; affirmance and remandment — Chief Justice PORITZ and Justices O’HERN, GARIBALDI, STEIN, COLEMAN, LONG and VERNIERO — 7.
Opposed — None.