State v. MotzState v. Motz
HENDRICKSON, P.J.
{¶1} Appellant, Kyle Motz, appeals the decision of the Warren County Court of Common Pleas revoking his community control and sentencing him to serve 18 months in prison. For the reasons discussed below, we affirm the trial court‘s decision.
{¶2} In December 2017, appellant pled guilty to one count of gross sexual imposition in violation of
{¶3} On December 26, 2018, appellant‘s probation officer, Mathew Pierce, filed a report of a community control violation, alleging that appellant had downloaded and was in possession of a large amount of pornography on his cell phone. In January 2019, appellant pled guilty to the violation. The trial court continued appellant on community control but placed additional sanctions on him. Appellant was placed on electronically monitored curfew, ordered to complete 10 hours of community service, restricted from residing in a residence that had internet access, and prohibited from using a smartphone. Appellant was further ordered to increase his mental health treatment and comply with all аssessment recommendations.
{¶4} On July 31, 2019, Pierce filed a second report of a community control violation against appellant, alleging that appellant had violated Rule 13 of the terms of his community control by being unsuccessfully terminated from the sex offender treatment program he had been attending. Appellant denied violating the terms of his community control at a preliminary hearing. A final violation hearing was held on October 14, 2019. At that time the court heard testimony from Amy Bidinger, the Associate Director of Court Services for the Warren County Probation Department, from Gary Key, the psychotherapist who had been treating appellant within the sex offender treatment program, and from appellant.
{¶5} Bidinger testified that she is Pierce‘s supervisor and that she is aware of Pierce‘s caseload. Bidinger explained that appellant was placed under Pierce‘s supervision
{¶6} In a letter dated August 12, 2019, Key informed Pierce that appellant‘s unsuccessful termination was a result of several incidents, including appellant constantly being late for appointments, missing appointments, “consistently ma[king] passive-aggressive attempts to evade Group Therapy,” and being dismissive of a female therapist. Key testified about these events at the final hearing, stating that appellant missing a July 26, 2019 group meeting in order to get new tires on his vehicle was “the straw that broke the camel‘s back.” According to Key, “[t]here was a build up of undisciplined, irresponsible, inappropriate, manipulative behaviors on [appellant‘s] part, even since he started at our facility.”
{¶7} Key explained that when attempting to schedule appellant‘s initial screening interview in order to start appellant‘s treatment, appellant scheduled and cancelled on three separate occasions. To Key, this illustrated a lack of investment and motivation for treatment. When appellant began attending group sessions, appellant often showed up tardy for the sessions. Then, on June 21, 2019, appellant called minutes before a group session was scheduled to begin in order to inform his therapist that he would not be able to attend due to the death of his mother. However, appellant‘s mother had passed away four days prior to the group session and appellant waited until the last possible moment to
{¶8} Key further testified that appellant had been in contact with other agencies regarding sex offender treatment in order to get out of his current treatment program. Key doubted appellant was seeking treatment elsewhere as a means of lowering his cost of treatmеnt. Key explained that the probation department had paid for appellant‘s first four months of treatment as appellant was without steady employment. Key opined that appellant was seeking treatment elsewhere because “he was wanting to sabotage his own treatment, he was not invested after all this time, in his own treatment or committed to his treatment.”
{¶9} Key was questioned by defense counsel about a grievance that appellant had filed against him in March 2019. Key denied that the grievance had any impact on his decision to terminate appellant from the sex offender рrogram. Key testified that following appellant‘s grievance, he continued to treat appellant and his notes from May and June sessions contained some positive remarks about appellant. Key explained that if his decision to terminate appellant from treatment had been impacted by appellant‘s filing of the grievance, his monthly reports “would have been slanted, showing negative behavior, negative contact with other group members, etcetera, etcetera which [was] not the case.”
{¶10} Following Key‘s testimony, appellant took the stand to explain that from the time he began sex offender treatment in February 2019 until the time he was terminated from the program at the end of July 2019, he had only missed two group sessions: one in June 2019 and one in July 2019. With respect to the June session, appellant explained
{¶11} Appellant testified that he cooperated and participated in the required group sessions. He admitted to looking for other treatment providers but explained that he did so only in an effort to find a provider that accepted his insurance. Appellant stated that each therapy session cost $35 and was financially burdensome as he had been unemployed for several months. Although the probation department had covered the costs of some of his therapy sessions, appellant knew he would eventually be required to pay for the sessions.
{¶12} After considering the foregoing testimony, the trial court determined that appellant had violated the terms of his community control. The trial court revoked appеllant‘s community control and sentenced him to 18 months in prison.
{¶13} Appellant appealed, raising three assignments of error for review.
{¶14} Assignment of Error No. 1:
{¶15} THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED THE DEFENDANT‘S DUE PROCESS RIGHTS BY NOT ALLOWING HIM TO CONFRONT AND CROSS EXAMINE HIS ACTUAL PROBATION OFFICER IN VIOLATION OF THE 14TH AMENDMENT AND FIRMLY ROOTED HEARSAY RULES.
{¶16}
{¶17} As this court has previously recognized, “community control hearings are not subject to the rules of evidence, thus allowing for the admission of hearsay еvidence.” State v. Schreiber, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2018-03-026, 2019-Ohio-2963, ¶ 20, citing State v. Kincer, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2005-07-059, 2006-Ohio-2249, ¶ 6. See also
(a) written notice of the claimed violations of parole; (b) disclosure to the parolee of evidence against him; (c) opportunity to be heard in person and to present witnesses and documentary evidence; (d) the right to confront and cross-examine adverse witnesses (unless the hearing officer specifically finds good cause for not allowing confrontation); (e) a “neutral and detached” hearing body such as a traditional parole board, members of which need not be judicial officers or lawyers; and (f) a written statement by the factfinders as to the evidence relied on and reasons for revoking parole.
Id. These requirements were later applied to probation violation proceedings; see Gagnon at 786; and were adopted by the Ohio Supreme Court in State v. Miller, 42 Ohio St.2d 102 (1975).
{¶18} In the present case, the fourth requirement is at issue. Appellant maintains that he was denied the right to confront and cross-examine adverse witnesses because
{¶19} In Miller, the defendant was charged with violating the terms of his probation by failing to report to the probation department for 15 months. Miller at 103. At the revocatiоn hearing, the probation officer who had been assigned to supervise the defendant was no longer employed by the probation department and did not testify. Id. Instead, the state presented testimony from a different probation officer – one who had never personally spoken to the defendant and who based his testimony on probation department records. Id. The trial court found the defendant violated the terms of his probation and revoked his probation. Id. The appeals court reversed, finding appellant‘s constitutional rights to confrontation and cross-examination had been violated. Id. The state appealed to the Ohio Supreme Court, which ultimately sided with the defendant. The court held that
[w]here at a probation revocation hearing the trial court permits a probation officer who did not prepare the entries in the probation department record to testify as to the contents of that record and the probation officer who prepared the entries does not appear, there is a denial of the probationer‘s right to confront the witnesses against him, and, where the record does not show that the probation officer who prepared the entries was unavailable or that a specific finding was made of good cause for not allowing confrontation, there is a denial of the minimum requirements of due process of law required for probation revocation proceedings.
Miller at the syllabus. Because the defendant‘s probation officer did not testify at the revocation hearing and no evidence was introduced that the probation officer was
{¶20} We find the present case distinguishable from Miller. Unlike the probation officer who testified in Miller, Bidinger had some familiarity with the terms of appellant‘s сommunity control. Bidinger testified that she was Pierce‘s supervisor and that she had met with appellant and Pierce on a “couple of occasions.” Bidinger, therefore, had personal knowledge about the terms of appellant‘s community control. Bidinger did not, however, have firsthand knowledge of the events leading to appellant‘s termination from his sex offender treatment program. Her testimony about these events was based on hearsay evidence. However, any error in the admission of her testimony about these events is harmless in light of Key‘s trial testimony.
{¶21} Key, the individual who terminated appellant from the sex offender treatment program, was present and subject to examination about the events that led to appellant‘s dismissal. Key had direct knowledge and was able to explain the underlying basis for appellant‘s discharge from the program. Although Pierce filed the report of a community control violation with the trial court, Pierce did not have personal knowledge of the basis for the violation. Pierce‘s report of a community control violation relied on the information obtained from Key. Pierce‘s report to the court stated, “On July 29, 2019, Court Services received a report from the defendant‘s treatment provider indicating that he had been unsuccessfully terminated from the program.” Key, as appellant‘s “treatment provider,” was the individual with personal knowledge of the events leading to appellant‘s discharge and Key provided this critical testimony at the hearing.
{¶22} As appellant had the opportunity to confront Key and challenge the basis for his termination from the treatment program, we find that appellant‘s due process rights were
{¶23} Assignment of Error No. 2:
{¶24} THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN FINDING A VIOLATION OF COMMUNITY CONTROL.
{¶25} In his second assignment of error, appellant argues the evidence failed to demonstrate that he violated the conditions of his community control. He contends there was no credible evidence of a violation presented at the revocation hearing as “the probation supervisor who testified had no personal knowledge * * * and the therapist who testified clearly was simply offended that [appellant] looked into seeing a different provider * * * due to financial costs.”
{¶26} “A community control revocation hearing is not a criminal trial, so the state is not required to establish a violation of the terms of the community control ‘beyond a reasonable doubt.‘” Kincer, 2006-Ohio-2249 at ¶ 5, citing State v. Payne, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2001-09-081, 2002-Ohio-1916. Rather, the state need only present substantial evidence of a violation of the defendant‘s community control. Id.; State v. Pickett, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2014-09-115, 2015-Ohio-972, ¶ 13.
{¶27} A trial court‘s decision revoking community control will not be disturbed on appeal absent an abuse of discretion. State v. Smith, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2019-09-014, 2020-Ohio-3235, ¶ 7, citing State v. Bishop, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2010-08-054, 2011-Ohio-3429, ¶ 11. An abuse of discretion occurs when the trial court‘s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Id.
{¶28} This court has previously determined that “‘[a] trial court does not abuse its discretion by revoking an offender‘s community control where the violation in question was one over which the offender had control.‘” State v. Noonan, 12th Dist. Butler Nos. CA2018-10-203 and CA2018-10-204, 2019-Ohio-2960, ¶ 19, quoting State v. Tranter, 12th Dist. Clermоnt No. CA2000-05-035, 2001 Ohio App. LEXIS 1413, *11 (Mar. 26, 2001). We have further held that a trial court does not abuse its discretion in revoking community control “when the offender is on notice that successful participation in a particular program is a requirement of the community control and the offender is unsuccessfully discharged from the program.” Smith at ¶ 8, citing State v. Baldwin, 12th Dist. Clermont Nos. CA2015-10-082 and CA2015-10-086, 2016-Ohio-5476, ¶ 10. The privilege of community control rests upon a defendant‘s compliance with the conditions of community control and any violation of those conditions may properly be used to revoke the privilege. Id.
{¶29} Having reviewed the record, we find that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in revoking appellant‘s community control as the state presented substantial evidence that appellant failed to comply with Rule 13 of the terms of his community control. Specifically, the state presented testimony that appellant was aware that he was required to follow all rules and regulations of the sex offender treatment program he was placed in, that appellant violated those rules, and that appellant was unsuccessfully discharged from the program as a result. Key testified about appellant‘s discharge from the program, explaining that appellant‘s July 26, 2019 unexcused absence from a group therapy session in order to get new tires on his vehicle was “the straw that broke the camel‘s back.” According to Key, in addition to appellant missing the July 26 session in order to complete a personal errand, appellant also missed a session on June 21, 2019. With respect to the June 21, 2019 session, appellant called mere minutes before the session was scheduled to begin to inform his therapist of his absence in light of his mother‘s death. However, the record reflects that appellant‘s mother had passed away four days prior to the group sеssion. Appellant, therefore, could have provided timely notice of his mother‘s death and
{¶30} Appellant contends two missed sessions was not a sufficient basis to terminate his participation in the treatment program. However, appellant‘s failure to attend the group therapy sessions and his excuses for his absences must be viewed in the overall context of his performance in the sex offender treatment program. In addition to missing these sessions, testimony was also presented that appellant cancelled his first three initial screening interviews, was tardy for several sessions, was not progressing in his sessions, and was searching for alternative sex offender treatment programs. Key‘s testimony about these events sufficiently demonstrated appellant was uninterested and uninvested in receiving treatment.
{¶31} Appellant disputes the basis for his termination from the treatment program, arguing Key discharged him in retaliation for filing a grievance and for looking for a new treatment provider. Key‘s testimony, however refuted appellant‘s assertions. Key explained that the probation department had pаid for appellant‘s sessions for four months while appellant was unemployed and that appellant‘s efforts to find a new program was nothing more than appellant “wanting to sabotage his own treatment, [as] he was not invested after all this time, in his own treatment or committed to his treatment.” Furthermore, Key testified that the grievance appellant filed against him in March 2019 had no bearing on his determination to terminate appellant from the sex offender treatment program. Key stated that even after the grievance was filed, he continued to treat appellant and made some pоsitive notes about appellant‘s participation in May and June sessions. The trial court was entitled to credit Key‘s testimony about the impact of the grievance over appellant‘s testimony. See State v. Caulley, 12th Dist. 2007-Ohio-220, ¶ 10-11 (noting that a trial court determines the credibility of the witnesses at a revocation proceeding).
{¶32}
{¶33} Assignment of Error No. 3:
{¶34} THE RECORD DOES NOT SUPPORT THE TRIAL COURT‘S FINDINGS AS TO SENTENCING.
{¶35} In his third assignment of error, appellant argues the record does not support the trial court‘s imposition of an 18-month prison term. Appellant contends the court failed to consider the factors set forth in
{¶36} When an offender violates the conditions of his community control, ”
{¶37} In the present case, the trial court elected to impose a prison term of 18 months on appellant for his violation of his community control. “We review the trial court‘s
{¶38} In State v. Glenn, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2019-05-088, 2020-Ohio-2880, ¶ 7, this court determined, for the first time, “[t]he
{¶39} Furthermore, precedent from the Ohio Supreme Court suggests that
{¶40} When imposing a prison sentence on a violation, the supreme court has stated that the trial court must “consider both the seriousness of the original offense leading
R.C. 2929.19(A) andCrim.R. 32(A)(2) direct the trial court at the time of imposing sentence to afford the prosecuting attorney the right to speak on behalf of the state, because it has an interest in ensuring that a proper sentence is imposed to punish and rehabilitate the offender while protecting the public,R.C. 2929.11(A) . These same statutes apply when the court decides the appropriate sentence for a community control violation.”
(Emphasis added.) State v. Heinz, 146 Ohio St.3d 374, 2016-Ohio-2814, ¶ 19.
{¶41} Given the supreme court‘s reference to
{¶42} Turning to the record before us, and applying the standard set forth in
{¶43} As this court has previously recognized, “‘there is no statutory or common lаw requirement that the trial court incorporate any specific findings in its sentencing entry specific to the principles and purposes of sentencing * * * [or] the seriousness and recidivism factors found in
{¶44} The record reflects that though the sentencing court did not specifically cite to
{¶45} For the reasons discussed above, we conclude appellant‘s conviction is not contrary to law. We further find that given appellant‘s multiple community control violations, his failure to appreсiate the conduct that led to his unsuccessful discharge from the sex offender treatment program, and the trial court‘s need to protect the public from future crime by appellant, appellant‘s 18-month prison sentence is supported by the record. Appellant‘s third assignment of error is overruled.
{¶46} Judgment affirmed.
PIPER and M. POWELL, JJ., concur.