261 P. 777 | Wash. | 1927
By an information filed in the superior court, the defendant was charged with the crime of carnally knowing his step-daughter, sixteen years of age. The jury found him guilty. Defendant's motion for a new trial was granted upon the grounds, as stated in the order, that error was committed in admitting testimony too remote of prior improper sexual relations between the defendant and his step-daughter, and also in admitting evidence that the defendant had been informed against in another state for such prior improper relations and discharged after hearing. From the order granting a new trial, the state has appealed under Laws of 1925 (Ex. Sess.), p. 423, § 7; Rem. 1927 Sup., § 2183-1.
[1] The order appealed from must be affirmed upon the second ground. The case in this respect is not one falling within the terms of Rem. Comp. Stat., § 2290 [P.C. § 8725], which provides that a person convicted of crime shall be a competent witness in any civil or criminal proceeding, but that his conviction may be proved for the purpose of affecting the weight of his testimony, but, it is a case in which the prosecuting witness was permitted to testify in the state's case in chief that the defendant had been charged in another state, about three years ago, with sexual intercourse with her and that "we talked to the prosecuting attorney and his deputy and a lawyer and they dismissed the case from the court and said they would not do anything further," and that they then left that state.
A similar situation arose in the case of State v. Arnold,
"Proving that one has been charged with a crime is not permissible under the statute quoted, nor is it admissible *111 under any rule of law for the purpose of affecting the credibility of his testimony, because a perfectly innocent man may be so accused; nor can we say that this cross-examination was not prejudicial. When a jury is informed that the defendant has previously been accused by the prosecuting attorney of some offense, it is manifest that it may thereby be prejudiced."
To the same effect the opinion in that case quotes from Statev. Strodemier,
[2] Counsel for the state, however, say that the defendant did not object on this ground. But while the record is not as clear as it might be upon this point, it does show that the defendant had a general objection, recognized and allowed by the court, to all testimony on the part of the prosecution as to transactions happening in another state, which we think was sufficient, if any objection at all were required, under the broad discretion and liberal powers a trial judge necessarily has in protecting one accused of crime in his right to a fair trial.
[3] As to the remoteness of prior acts, this may become important or not according to the course taken in the new trial. As often happens in such cases, there was in this case testimony of many such acts in addition to the one for which the defendant was tried; all of which acts were denied by the defendant. The admissibility of testimony of prior acts and the purpose for such testimony in cases of this kind are well established and recognized in the law. As stated in State v. Fetterly,
Frequently, the authorities in discussing the admissibility of such testimony limit it to acts "not too remote in time or otherwise." 16 C.J. 608, § 1194, and cases cited. The term seems incapable of exact application and while, in a way, time is included within it, yet remoteness does not necessarily result from mere lapse of time. The surroundings and particular circumstances of the parties must be taken into consideration in the determination of such question. In United States v. Griego,
One of the most instructive discussions that we have been able to find upon this subject is the case of State v. Kelly,
"`Remoteness,' as applied to evidence, is a term which has regard for other factors than mere lapse of time, even where it is a factor, as it often is not. The essence of remoteness is such a want of open and visible connection between the evidentiary and principal *113
facts that, all things considered, the former is not worthy or safe to be admitted in proof of the latter. 1 Best on Evidence, § 252. Where lapse of time is a circumstance entering into an inquiry as to the remoteness of relevant testimony, its significance may be more or less; depending not only upon the length of time, but also upon all the circumstances. Its importance with respect to some matters would naturally be greater than with respect to others. In some situations it might well become a practically controlling feature, so that it might well be said that the remoteness of the evidence in point of time ought to exclude it. Such, apparently, was the view of the Massachusetts court with respect to declarations of a suicidal purpose under ordinary circumstances. But comparatively few generalizations based upon lapse of time alone can be safely made. Generally speaking, the question of remoteness, as justifying the exclusion of evidence, must depend upon all the considerations, including time, the character of the evidence, and all the surrounding circumstances which, in the opinion of the court, ought to have a bearing upon its worthiness to be brought into the consideration and determination of the matter in contention. This right of discretionary control over the admission of testimony which necessarily rests with a presiding judge is one of frequent exercise. Commonwealth v. Holmes,
The same doctrine was approved and announced in the more recent case of People v. Thompson,
The order granting a new trial is affirmed.
TOLMAN, FRENCH, ASKREN, and PARKER, JJ., concur. *114
