27 Minn. 119 | Minn. | 1880
Lead Opinion
The statute whose constitutionality is brought. in question in this case, though published among the Special Laws, (Sp. Laws 1878, c. 191,) is clearly a public, and not a private act. Potter’s Dwarris, 53. Its purpose, as indicated both in the body of the act and by its title, was to legalize and establish, as a public highway, an old travelled road ■extending through several towns in Dakota county, which had been in use by the public for several years as a common highway; and all the provisions of the enactment are directed to that end. This fixes the character of the law as a public one, of which the courts must take judicial notice, and with the contents of which the defendant must be presumed to
It is objected that, in the enactment of this statute, the-constitutional requirement that just compensation shall be-first paid or secured, as a condition precedent to the exercise of the right to take private property for public use, has not. been observed by the legislature. In support of this objection, the following points are made: That the tribunal designated for determining the amount of that compensation is-not an impartial one; that no fund is provided and set apart for its payment, when ascertained, nor any adequate means provided for obtaining it; that the initiation of the proceedings for ascertaining the amount of such just compensation is put upon the land-owners whose property is taken-for the-road; that the time for instituting such proceedings is limited to sixty days after the passage of the law; that it is a private enactment, of which such land-owners are not presumed to have had any knowledge, and therefore its effect may be-to deprive them of their property without compensation, and without having had any opportunity to be heard upon the-question either of condemnation or compensation.
The law itself specifically locates the line of the highway,, and declares it to be “a legal and valid highway to all intents- and purposes, retaining the same road-bed as used by the-public, and repaired by the authority of' said towns [therein named] for more than ten years now past.” It further provides, in terms, “that any person claiming to be damaged by the existence of said road shall have the right, within sixty-days from and after the passage of this law, to present his-claim to the board of county commissioners of the county for said damages, and said board shall hear and determine the* same, subject to right of appeal to the district court of the-county of Dakota, and the person so appealing may do so within sixty days of the time he received notice of the decision of said board. Such appeal shall be taken by the service of ■ a notice thereof upon the chairman or secretary of said board,,
The tribunal which is designated in this instance is a board of public officers, created under the general laws of the state, and acting under the obligations of an official oath. It is the same body which is invested by said laws with the general jurisdiction of laying out county roads within their county, and assessing damages occasioned thereby, and, according to the ruling in Bruggerman v. True, 25 Minn. 123, it is a competent and impartial tribunal for that purpose.
Their determination, however, of the question of compensation, under the present statute, is not final, but every owner of property taken for the highway may, within sixty days after
This is fairly implied from the law, and especially when considered in connection with the general road law of the state, which declares every highway located by state authority to be a county road, and under which all damages assessed on account of lands taken for county roads are made payable by the county interested; (Gen. St. 1878, c. 13, §§ 53-55;) for it is reasonable to suppose that, in the enactment of the statute, the legislature had in mind the General Statutes upon the subject, and that it intended to observe the general policy which they indicated. This construction is also called for by the -rule that requires every statute to be so interpreted, if possible, as to promote rather than defeat the evident purpose of the legislature in its enactment.
Thus construed, the security which is provided is adequate, for it rests upon the entire taxable property of the county. Neither the character of the tribunal, nor the security contemplated by the law, is open to any valid objection.' The remedy which is given to a party injured, for obtaining compensation, is also certain and adequate, and equally free from
The present case can hardly be said to come within this rule. The mere act of presenting to the county board a claim of this character need necessarily involve but little labor, and requires but little time. If sixty days is sufficient time in which to perfect an appeal from the decision of the commissioners— and of this there is no complaint — certainly the same time is sufficient in which to prefer a claim to the board.
The case of Langford v. Com’rs of Ramsey Co., 16 Minn. 375, cited by defendant, is not in point. There, the commismissioners to determine the compensation were private citizens, appointed directly by 'the legislature. They were not required to act under the sanction of an oath; the proceedings before them were entirely ex parte and without notice, and no right of appeal was given from their determination to the district court. In these respects the two cases are clearly distinguishable from each other.
In our opinion the return of the justice, as certified by him, does not purport to contain all the evidence, and therefore the points made upon the assumption that it does need not be considered.
Judgment affirmed.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting. I think the act in question unconstitutional, because it does not make adequate provision to pay or secure compensation to any owner of land taken for the road. The land is taken without compensation, and right to compensation is cut off unless the owner, within sixty days from the passage of the act, institute proceedings to fix the amount; and no notice is to be given him that he' must move in the matter, except such as he may be assumed to have from the passage of the act. I think it is a great strain on the constitution to hold, even if the act is to be deemed a public act, and the public are presumed to have notice of it, that the mere right given the owner to secure the compensation himself, if by chance he in fact learns of the passage of the act in time to exercise the right, is securing compensation, within the spirit and meaning of that instrument. If it is, I can only say that the legislature is vested with power to practically confiscate the property of the citizen, for hundreds of acts like this might be passed, and none of the persons whose property was proposed to be taken actually know anything about it until too late. The authorities hold that acts for taking private property for public use may put the initiative in ascertaining the amount of compensation on the owner, and may also limit the time within which he shall do so, and debar him if he fail to move within the time; but I find none which decides that the time may be limited from the mere date of passage of the act, without any other notice of any kind. ’While it may be conceded that an act placing
It is assumed that the act is a public statute. It is a- general rule that all are conclusively presumed to know a public statute from the time it goes into effect. But I do not think this act is, or any like it can be, in all its features, á public act, of which everybody is bound to take notice. An act may be public as to some of its provisions and private as to others. Bacon’s Abr. Statutes, F; Anonymous, 12 Mod. 219; Ingram v. Foot, Id. 611; Dive v. Maningham, Plowden, 60, 65. This act, so far as it proposes to establish the road, is public, for it affects alike all inhabitants within the district through which it is to pass. But, so far as it affects only an individual owner of property to be taken for the road, it is private. In the compensation to be paid him, and how its amount shall be ascertained, it interests only him, and the state, or in this ease the county, which is appointed to pay it, and does not interest the people of the state at large, nor of the district through which the road is to run. Of the private provisions of the act no one is presumed to know, from the mere fact of its passage, although they may be presumed to know of its ■public.provisions. As the act, therefore, does not of itself serve as notice to the owner of what he is to do and within what time, and it provides for no other notice, it does not furnish him a full opportunity to have the compensation ascertained; and as it purports to take his property without oompensation, in case he does not have the amount ascertained, I think the act invalid.
I therefore dissent from the decision.