State v. Meloon
469 A.2d 1316
N.H.
1983
Check Treatment
Douglas, J.

The defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence used to convict him of burglary after a jury trial in Superior Court (Souter, J.). Contending that the State failed to prove he intended to commit any crime upon his entering a building, the defendant asserts that the burglary conviction must be vacаted and a conviction for criminal trespass entered instead. We affirm.

The evidencе at trial revealed the following facts. At approximately 3:00 a.m., on May 2, 1982, Officer Miguel Cebollero, of the Concord Police Department, spotted a figure crouched inside thе Trailways bus terminal. The headlights of Officer Cebollero’s vehicle were aimed ‍​​​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​​​​​​‍at the front windоws of the terminal. After parking and radioing for assistance, the officer saw a figure fleeing the rear area of the building. He instructed the person to stop, but the person continued to flee, scaled a chain link fence, and crossed Interstate 93.

Officer Cebollero gave chase, again radioed for assistance, and was subsequently joined by several othеr officers. The defendant was spotted in the Merrimack River by officers searching the area and was arrested. The defendant had no stolen property in his possession at the timе of capture. Later that month, six zipper bank bags were found approximately 2.5 miles dоwnriver, caught in the gate house of the Garvin Falls dam canal. The bags were later identified аs the property of Trailways Bus Company.

The evidence introduced at trial indicated that the rear door of the bus terminal had been kicked open, a coin drawer inside had bеen opened and left on the floor, and sixteen zipper bank bags (similar to those later found in the river) were missing. There was testimony that the bus terminal was regularly closed to the public аfter 7:30 p.m. A statement of Ray Malonis, also arrested in connection with the break-in, was introduced which placed the defendant and Malonis inside the bus terminal that morning.

The defendant was indiсted for burglary in violation of RSA 635:1. ‍​​​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​​​​​​‍At the close of the State’s case, the defendant’s motion to dis*259miss was denied. The jury was instructed on the element of mens rea required for a burglary conviction and on the lesser-included offense of criminal trespass. The jury returned a guilty verdict on the charge of burglary.

The defendant challenges the sufficienсy of the State’s evidence used to show his presence in the bus terminal was “with purpose to commit a crime therein,” as required by RSA 635:1,1. The question presented is whether any rational trier of fact could have found the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

In evaluating this clаim, we must view the evidence ‍​​​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​​​​​​‍in the light most favorable to the prosecution. State v. Cobb, 123 N.H. 536, 540, 465 A.2d 1203, 1206 (1983); State v. Cyr, 122 N.H. 1155, 1159, 453 A.2d 1315, 1318 (1982). “We will uphold the jury’s vеrdict unless ‘no rational trier of fact could have found proof of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.’” State v. Cobb, supra at 540, 465 A.2d at 1206 (quoting State v. Cyr, supra at 1159, 453 A.2d at 1318); Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 324 (1979). “When the State’s case rests upon circumstantial evidence, as it does hеre, such evidence must exclude all rational conclusions except that the defendant was guilty.” State v. Hopps, 123 N.H. 541, 544, 465 A.2d 1206, 1208 (1983); State v. Cyr, supra at 1160, 453 A.2d at 1319.

“An intent to steal may be inferred from the defendant’s conduct under all the circumstanсes, and ‘an unexplained ‍​​​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​​​​​​‍breaking and entering may give rise to an inference that it was made with an intent to commit larceny.’” State v. Reardon, 121 N.H. 604, 605, 431 A.2d 796, 798 (1981) (quoting State v. Wills, 107 N.H. 107, 109, 218 A.2d 47, 49 (1966)). Proof of a completed larceny within an allegedly burglarized building is not essential to establish the requisite criminal intent. State v. Reed, 114 N.H. 377, 379, 321 A.2d 581, 582 (1974). “Evidence of an unexplained entry by brеaking into a stranger’s home, findably by the defendant and another, coupled with their suspicious аttempt to conceal themselves while in the yard, was sufficient evidence of intent to сommit a crime within the house.” Id. at 379, 321 A.2d at 583. Flight from the scene of criminal activity may also be a factor ‍​​​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​​​​​​‍relied upon by a jury to infer the requisite intent. State v. Charest, 109 N.H. 201, 205, 247 A.2d 515, 518 (1968).

The statute requires that a purpose to commit a crime be proven. Proof of successful completion of a crime is not requirеd. Therefore, the fact that the defendant was found without any stolen items in his possession at the time of apprehension is not controlling *260on the issue of the defendant’s intent at the time of his entry. State v. Noel, 119 N.H. 522, 528, 404 A.2d 290, 293 (1979).

We hold, therefore, that a rational fact-finder could find proof of the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The presence of the defendant inside the bus terminal at 3:00 a.m. was clearly unauthorized. The door had been forced open. Some of the contents of the building were in disarray or missing. A rational inference of the defendant’s purpose to commit a crime upon his entry could be drawn from his unauthorized entry at a late hour, coupled with the condition of the interior of the building, the defendant’s suspicious flight from the building and his attempted concealment in the river.

Affirmed.

Souter, J., did not participate, the others concurred.