111 P.3d 1136
Or. Ct. App.
2005
*400 LANDAU, P. J.

Defendant appeals judgments of conviction in two criminal cases, which are consolidated for appeal. In the first case, defendant was convicted of theft in the first degree, ORS 164.055, forgery in the first degree, ORS 165.013, and forgery in the second degree, ORS 165.007. In the second case, defendant was convictеd of racketeering, ORS 166.720, and theft in the first degree. The forgery charges in the first case formed predicate offenses for the racketeering chаrge in the second. All of the charges arose out of defendant’s participation with his wife in a livestock operation that involved, among other things, entering into “feed and care” leases and then selling cattle without the owners’ permission. After defendant was found guilty of the foregoing charges, the triаl court found that defendant was responsible for the theft of 89 head of cattle and accordingly ordered defendant to pay, as part of his sentence, restitution in the amount of $85,969, based on the value of the cattle. The trial of all charges took place in Union County.

On appeal, dеfendant first argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion for a judgment of acquittal as to the forgery charges because there was no evidencе that the checks had been “uttered” in Union County, where the trial occurred. Defendant offered evidence that the checks, in fact, had been dеposited in Multnomah County, but the trial court sustained the state’s objection to the evidence. Defendant argues that the trial court erred in making that evidentiary ruling as well. In State v. McMillan (A113456), 199 Or App 408, 412-13, 111 P3d 1154 (2005), we rejected defendant’s wife’s identical arguments. We concluded that, even if the checks had been deposited in another county, ultimately they had been delivered to a bank in Union County. The checks thus had been uttered in Union County just as if they had been delivered there personаlly. Id. at 413. Our decision in McMillan disposes of both of defendant’s arguments regarding the forgery convictions.

Defendant also argues that the trial court erred in requiring restitution as part of the ‍​​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​​​‌​‌‌‌​​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​​​‍sentence. According to defendant, the amount of restitution was based on the judge’s *401 finding that defendant had stolen 89 head of cattle. That finding of fact, defendant argues, affected his sentence. As a result, he argues, under both the state and federal constitutions, the finding should have been made by a jury rather than the sentencing judge.

The state responds that defendant’s state constitutional contention was rejected by the Supreme Court in State v. Hart, 299 Or 128, 699 P2d 1113 (1985). As for the federаl constitutional contention, the state argues that federal courts uniformly have rejected the same argument, holding that statutes authorizing awards of restitution do not prescribe statutory máximums that may be exceeded only by jury findings. We agree with the state on both arguments.

In Hart, the defendant was convicted of assаult in the second degree for injuries that he inflicted on his 18-month old son. Those injuries resulted in permanent disability that required continuing medical treatment. At sentenсing, the defendant requested a jury trial on the issue of restitution, which the court denied. After hearing evidence of the incurred and future medical expensеs of the child, the court ordered defendant to pay restitution in the amount of $224,462.80. Hart, 299 Or at 130-31.

The defendant appealed, arguing that the restitution order violated his right to a jury trial under Article I, section 11, of the Oregon Constitution. The Supreme Court disagreed, holding that the Oregon Constitution did not guarantee the defendant a jury trial on the issue of the amount of restitution. It reasoned that, while ‍​​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​​​‌​‌‌‌​​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​​​‍the seriousness of the injuries was an element of second-degree assault, the “monetary amount of the medical and other out-of-pocket expenses associated with the injury is not. * * * Therefore, while the amount of the restitution order might be termed an element of sentencing, it is not an element of the crime of assault.” Hart, 299 Or at 136-37.

We see no difference for these purposes betweеn the assault statute at issue in Hart and the theft statute at issue in this case. The amount of restitution is not an element of the crime of theft in the first degree. Although it is true thаt, in certain cases, in order to convict a defendant of theft in the *402 first degree, a jury must find that the defendant had committed a theft of more than a particular sum of money, ORS 164.055(l)(a), that element is nothing more than a finding regarding the seriousness of the victim’s injury.

In this case, the state charged defendant with the theft of cаttle valued at more than $1,000. Thus, while the seriousness of the injury is an element that the state had to prove to the jury beyond a reasonable doubt, under Hart, the рrecise “monetary amount of* * * the injury is not.” The jury found defendant guilty of the theft of cattle valued ‍​​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​​​‌​‌‌‌​​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​​​‍at more than $1,000. That was sufficient to permit the court to оrder defendant to pay restitution. ORS 137.106. Under Hart, defendant is not also entitled to a jury trial regarding the amount of that restitution.

We turn to defendant’s federal constitutional argument. In Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 US 466, 490, 120 S Ct 2348, 147 L Ed 2d 435 (2000), the United States Supreme Court held that “[o]ther than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submittеd to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt.” Four years later, in Blakely v. Washington, 542 US 296, 124 S Ct 2531, 159 L Ed 2d 403 (2004), the Court illuminated what it meant when it referred to a “prescribed statutory maximum” sеntence. It is, the Court explained, the

“maximum sentence a judge may impose solely on the basis of the facts reflected in the jury verdict or admitted by the defendant. * * * In other words, the relevant ‘stаtutory maximum’ is not the maximum sentence a judge ‍​​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​​​‌​‌‌‌​​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​​​‍may impose after finding additional facts, but the maximum [the judge] may impose without any additional findings.”

Id. at 2537, 124 S Ct at 2537 (emphasis in original; citations omitted).

ORS 137.106(1) provides that, “[w]hen a person is convicted of a crime * * * that has resulted in pecuniary damages,” the district attorney must investigate and present to the court evidence as to the nаture and amount of those damages. The statute then provides that, “[i]f the court finds from the evidence presented that a victim suffered pecuniary damages, in addition to any other sanction it may impose, the *403 court shall,” among other things, “[i]nclude in the judgment a requirement that the defendant pay the victim restitution in a specific amount that equals the fall amount of the victim’s pecuniary damages as determined by the court.” ORS 137.106(l)(a).

The statute thus does not pеrmit any finding of the court to result in a sentence beyond the statutory maximum. Rather, the statute authorizes the court to require the payment of restitution as part of the judgment of conviction in an amount “that equals the fall amount of the victim’s pecuniary damages as determined by the court.” ORS 137.106(l)(a). The statutory mаximum is, in other words, the amount of pecuniary damages as determined by the court, and no more. Therefore, even assuming that Apprendi and Blakely apply to restitution, see State v. Gutierrez, 197 Or App 496, 505, 106 P3d 670 (2005) (Apprendi and Blakely “arguably do not apply” to restitution), the principles announced in those cases were not violated.

We note that the federal courts appear uniformly to havе arrived at the same conclusion under analogous circumstances. The federal Mandatory Victims Restitution Act, similarly to ORS 137.106, authorizes federal trial сourts to determine the amount of restitution and requires that they reflect the full amount ‍​​‌‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​​​‌​‌‌‌​​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​​​‍of a victim’s injury. 18 USC § 3663A. In a number of cases, defendants have objected to the imposition of restitution without jury findings as to the amount. The federal appellate courts have concluded that, as long as the amount of restitution does not exceed the fall amount of the victim’s injury, Apprendi is not violated. E.g., U.S. v. Wooten, 377 F3d 1134, 1144 (10th Cir), cert den, _US_, 125 S Ct 510 (2004) (restitution that does not exceed value of victim’s injury does not violate the rule of Apprendi), U.S. v. Ross, 279 F3d 600, 609-10 (8th Cir 2002) (even if applicable, Apprendi not violated because restitution in fall amount of victim’s losses does not exceed “statutory maximum”); see also U.S. v. Syme, 276 F3d 131, 158-59 (3rd Cir), cert den, 537 US 1050 (2002) (Apprendi inapplicable to federal restitution statute because no “statutory maximum” prescribed).

Affirmed.