74 Mo. 245 | Mo. | 1881
We must reverse the judgment rendered herein, because it was not established at the trial, or what amounts to the same thing, the bill of exceptions does not show, that the crime of which the defendant was convicted, was committed within the limits of Clay county. Gordon v. State, 4 Mo. 375; State v. Meyer, 64 Mo. 190; State v. Miller, 71 Mo. 89; State v. Hughes, 71 Mo. 633. There are but two cases in our reports where a conviction has been upheld by this court, (State v. Burns, 48 Mo. 438; State v. West, 69 Mo. 401,) without direct proof that the offense charged was committed in the county specified in the indictment. But in those cases equivalent proof was introduced; proof of facts was made from which it necessarily appeared that the offense was committed within the county. -Proof of the venue as laid in the indictment, like any other material allegation, needs not be established by express and positive testimony, but it is sufficient if the circumstances in evidence tend to the conclusion, in a manner satisfactory to the jury, that the place of the crime corresponds with that set forth in the indictment. The rulings of courts of other states accord with our own in the particular mentioned. As supporting the theory of the two cases just cited, that inferential evidence will suffice to establish the locus delicti, see Bland v. People, 4 Ill. 364; People v. Manning, 48 Cal. 335; State v. Calvin, R. M. Charlton 142; Comm. v. Costley, 118 Mass. 3; Beavers v. State, 58 Ind. 530. As supporting the view that the venue as laid must be shown by the evidence to be within the proper jurisdiction, or else the conviction will not stand, see Stazey v. State, 58 Ind. 514; Baker v. State, 34 Ind. 104; Jackson v. State, 19 Ind. 312; Mullinix v. State, 43 Ind. 511; Larkin v. People, 61 Barb. 226; Ewell v. State, 6 Yerg. 364; Hite v. State, 9 Yerg. 357; Yates v. State, 10 Yerg. 549; People v. Parks, 44 Cal. 105; People v. Bevans, 52 Cal. 470. It is scarcely necessary to say that this was the rule at common law. 2 Russ. Cr., 799, 800; 1 Chit. Crim. L., 556; Whart. Cr. Ev., § 107; Whart. Cr. L., § 601. But here there is
