44 Mo. 343 | Mo. | 1869
delivered the opinion of the court.
Defendant was indicted in Harrison county for falsely taking the voter’s oath at the election to take the sense of the people upon the adoption of the present State constitution. Ho demurred to the indictment; the demurrer ivas sustained, and the action of the court was affirmed in the District Court, and the State comes here upon appeal.
The indictment charges that the defendant, before taking the oath, had “ personally appeared before Stephen O. Allen, military enrolling officer, and enrolled and caused himself to be enrolled, by and before said enrolling officer, as disloyal and a southern sympathizer, in pursuance of and under order No. 24 of 1862,” giving the time and place of such appearance. The oath was the one prescribed in section 6, article 13, of the constitution, which is substantially recited in the indictment; and by that oath the defendant is charged with swearing that he was well acquainted with the terms o£ the third section of article 2, and had never directly or indirectly done any of the acts therein specified. The specific act the defendant is charged with doing is described in said section as follows : '“ or has ever, with a view to avoid enrollment in the militia of this State, or to escape the performance of duty therein, or for any other purpose, enrolled himself, or authorized himself to be enrolled, by or before any officer, as disloyal or as a southern sympathizer,” etc.
Seven objections are raised by the demurrer. One — that the provision under which defendant is indicted is contrary to the constitution of the United.States — has already been tried, decided by this court, and will not now be considered. The sixth objection is founded on the charge that " he enrolled and caused himself to be enrolled,” etc., and it is claimed to be contradictory. It so seems at first blush; still, if one enrolls himself, he certainly causes himself to be enrolled. If the language of the article had been followed, the indictment would have been bad for uncertainty, the disjunction “or” making it doubtful which he did. “And” is the proper word in such cases, unless it unites two things that are repugnant. (Whart. Crim. L. §§ 294-5.)
Defendant objects to the assignment of perjury, because it is not shown that he enrolled himself as disloyal ‘ ‘ by or before any officer known to the law or military orders.” The existence and official acts of our State officers during the late war are matter of recent history', and will be noticed by the courts when properly brought before them. The enrollment spoken of in the indictment and in the constitution, and the officers before whom it was made, as well as the order upon which it was based, are all public matters, well known to all; and it is sufficient to mention them,
A few other objections to the indictment were made, but they are without foundation. It seems to us that this indictment is a good one, especially under the liberal provisions of our statute.
The judgment of the District and Circuit Courts will be reversed and the cause remanded.