State v. McCammon

Aug 14, 1981
Reporters:
,
Before:
Duncan

Lead Opinion

OPINION

DUNCAN, Judge.

The appellee-defendant, Janet Lee McCammon, pled guilty to two (2) cases of simple robbery, and received concurrent penitentiary sentences of not less nor more than five (5) years. By authority of T.C.A. § 40-3105,1 the trial court ordered her sentences to be served in the county jail. Thereafter, upon her application, the trial court suspended her sentences and placed her on probation.

The State has appealed the trial court’s ruling and contends that the trial court was without authority to grant relief to the defendant in these cases, insisting thаt by virtue of T.C.A. § 40-2901, the defendant was not an eligible candidate for probation consideration. We agree.

*135T.C.A. § 40-2901 authorizes trial judges to suspend the sentence of a defendant (as “defendant” is defined in that section) and to place him on probation. However, T.C.A. § 40-2901 excludes from the definition of “defendant” certain persons who have been convicted, including a person who “hаs been convicted of two (2) or more felonies for which the maximum sentence provided by law exceeds ten (10) years confinement in the state penitentiary.” The punishment for robbery is a sentence of “not less than five (5) nor more than fifteen (15) years.” T.C.A. § 39-3901. Since the present defendant has been convicted of two (2) felonies for which the maximum sentence provided by law exceeds ten (10) years, she is not within the definition of a “defendant” who can have her sentence suspended and be placed on probation under T.C.A. § 40-2901.

Our Court dealt with a similar question in Scott v. State, 560 S.W.2d 922 (Tenn.Cr.App.1977). There we held that the defendant, whо had been sentenced to the penitentiary for two (2) or more felonies for which the law provided a maximum sentence in excess of ten (10) years, was precluded from being placеd on probation by the express provisions of T.C.A. § 40-2901.

The defendant argues that even though she may not ‍​​​‌​‌​​‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​​​​​​​‌‌‌‌‌​​​‌​‌​​​‌​‌‍be eligible for probation consideration under T.C.A. § 40-2901, she is still eligible for a suspended sentence under T.C.A. § 40-2903. We do not accept this argument.

Initially we point out that there is no such thing as рrobation without a suspension of the sentence, and likewise a sentence cannot be suspended without placing the defendant on probation. State v. King, 603 S.W.2d 721 (Tenn.1980). Furthermore, T.C.A. § 40-2903 provides, in part, as follows:

No trial judge shall have the authority undеr the provisions of § 40-2901, to suspend the execution of sentence after the defendant shall have begun to serve such sentence, except where the sentence is to confinement in the county jail or workhouse for the commission of a misdemeanor or a felony pursuant to § 40-3105, for a period of time not more than five (5) years, with or without a fine. In such cases the trial judge may at any time after the defendant has actually served not less than thirty (30) days of such jail or workhouse sentence, suspend the remainder thereof. . ..

However, T.C.A. § 40-2903 is not to be construed as a separate grant of authority to suspend sentences. In State v. King, supra, the Supreme Court, in reference to T.C.A. § 40-2903, said:

In short, that Code section deals with the time frame within which trial judges may exercise the power to suspend sentences, and does not warrant exprеssly or by implication any finding of legislative intent to authorize suspensions without probation or without probation reports, or to be an island unto itself, within the statutory scheme governing the suspension оf sentences and probation. 603 S.W.2d at 724.

Chapter 29 of the Code contains our probation statutes. T.C.A. § 40-2901 to 2909. The sections contained in chapter 29 are in pari materia and must be construed together. See State v. King, supra. T.C.A. § 40-2901 defines the term “defendant,” not only for that section, but also “as used in this chapter.” (emphasis added). As stated earlier, the present defendant is not a chapter 29 “defendant” because her convictions exclude her from the definition of that term. Therefore, since the terms of T.C.A. § 40-2903 apply only to chapter 29 “defendants,” that section ‍​​​‌​‌​​‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​​​​​​​‌‌‌‌‌​​​‌​‌​​​‌​‌‍can afford no rеlief to the present defendant.

In an almost identical case, State v. Langford, No. 56 (Tenn.Cr.App., Jackson, February 28, 1980), our Court ruled as we do here. Langford was serving penitentiary sentences in the penal farm by authority of T.C.A. § 40-3105. His sentences were of the type that made him ineligible for probation consideration under T.C.A. § 40-2901. Notwithstanding, the defendant filed a petition for a suspended sentence and relied upon T.C.A. § 40-2903. The trial judge held that he had no authority to grant *136defendant’s petition bеcause of the defendant’s ineligibility for probation under T.C.A. § 40-2901. Our Court, in affirming the trial judge, held that T.C.A. § 40-2901 and 40-2903 must be construed in pari materia, and that if a defendant is not an eligible candidate for probation under T.C.A. § 40-2901, then the provisions of T.C.A. § 40-2903 could not be invoked to provide a remedy to him. While the Langford opinion is unpublished, we agree with the reasoning contained therein.

Finally, we do not agree with the defendant’s argument that a defendant who is sentenced to serve a penitentiary sentence in the workhouse under T.C.A. § 40-3105 cannot get consideration fоr good and honor time credits and parole relief, and that trial judges should be allowed to suspend sentences under T.C.A. § 40-2903 so as to allow this relief. The defendant makes ‍​​​‌​‌​​‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​​​​​​​‌‌‌‌‌​​​‌​‌​​​‌​‌‍an erroneous assumption regarding these matters.

An inmate serving a penitentiary sentence in the workhouse is still serving a penitentiary sentence and is entitled to the same good and honor time credits and parole considerations which he would receive if confined in the state penitentiary. Our Supreme Court has so held in Gilliam v. State, 126 S.W.2d 305, 174 Tenn. 388 (1939).

We hold that the trial court was without authority to suspend the defendant’s sentences and to place her on probation. We reverse the ruling of the trial co“rt and remand this case for execution of the sentences.

TATUM, J., concurs. CORNELIUS, J., dissents.

Notes

. T.C.A. § 40-3105 (Supp.1980) provides:

In all cases where any person shall be convicted of a felony, and the jury trying the case shall be of the opinion that the offense merits a punishment of five (5) years or less, the court, in its discretion, may order said person confined in the county workhouse for the term of such sentence, provided that the trial judge shall have the power to order the removal of the prisoner from the county workhouse to the penitentiary whenever in his opinion they are being treated in a brutal or inhuman manner, or when it shall appear to him that the physical condition of the prisoner is such that working on the roads is deleterious to his health.
Whenever any prisoner is confined to a county workhouse under provisions of this section, the state shall pay to the county a fee, the amount of which is fixed in accordance with provisions of § 8-26-105.



Dissenting Opinion

CORNELIUS, Judge,

dissenting.

T.C.A. § 40-2901 authorizes the trial judge to suspend these two sentences. The combined maximum sentence, as fixed by the law (judgment) of this case, does not exceed ten (10) years, in fаct it does not exceed five years.

Prior to 1976, T.C.A. § 40-2901 provided:
“. . .As used in this chapter, the word ‘defendant’ means any person convicted of a misdemeanor or convicted of any felony, the maximum punishment for whiсh does not exceed ten (10) years. . . : ”

By Chapter 532, Public Acts of 1976 [now in supplement to T.C.A. § 40-2901], the Legislature made the following change:

AN ACT to amend Title 40, Chapter 29, Tennessee Code Annotated, relative to the authority of the trial judge to suspend any sentence for an offense, wherе the sentence fixed by a judge or jury does not exceed ten (10) years confinement in the state penitentiary.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF TENNESSEE:
SECTION 1. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 40-2901 is amended by deleting the fourth sentence in its ‍​​​‌​‌​​‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​​​​​​​‌‌‌‌‌​​​‌​‌​​​‌​‌‍entirety and substituting instead the following:
“As used in this chаpter, the word ‘defendant’ means any person convicted of a misdemeanor or convicted of any felony, the maximum sentence for which has been fixed by a jury or by a judge as confinеment in the state penitentiary for a period of ten (10) years or less, except in cases in which the defendant has been convicted of murder in the first degree, murder in the second degree, rape, unlawful carnal knowledge of a female under the age of twelve (12) years, robbery accomplished by the use of a deadly weapon, the second or subsequent violation of Section 52-1432(a)(l)(A) or (B), and in all other cases for which the minimum sentence provided by law is ten (10) years or more; and except in those cases in which the defendant has been convicted of two or more felonies for which the maximum sentence provided by law exceeds ten (10) years confinement in the state penitentiary.”

Clearly it was the intent of the Legislature to changе a judicial interpretation of “maximum punishment (fixed by statute)” to “maximum sentence fixed by the judge and/or jury.”

*137The majority opinion has interpreted the provision of the amendment relating to “convictions of two or more felonies for which the maximum sentence provided by law exceeds ten (10) years .. . . ” as returning to the pre-amendment judicial construction of maximum possible punishment.

It is a strаined construction to hold that the amendment changed the statute from “maximum punishment” to “maximum sentence” with two different meanings for the use of “maximum sentence.” What the majority’s opinion has effectively done is adhere to the former holdings insofar as two or more offenses are concerned. Had it been the legislative intent to change only first offenses they would have reverted to “two (2) or more felonies for which the maximum punishment provided by law exceeds ten (10) years...” This was not done. In both the first and subsequent convictions, the Legislature expressly chose to speak of “sentence”.

A sentence is “the judgment formally pronounced by the court or judge upon the defendant after his conviction in a criminal prosecution, awarding the punishment to be

inflictеd.” Black’s Law Dictionary, Revised 4th Edition. Punishment may be prescribed by the Legislature but a court imposes the sentence.

The Attorney General says that this Court’s unreported opinion of State v. Larry Darnett Langford, Shelby County No. 56 (Tenn.Cr.App. Jackson, February 28, 1980) is “an almost identical case.” There is a very material difference. Langford had three sentences of five years each which exceeded the ten (10) yеar limitation. Ms. McCammon’s two sentences do not exceed the ten year limitation.

The trial judge had the “powers” to suspend ‍​​​‌​‌​​‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​​​​​​​‌‌‌‌‌​​​‌​‌​​​‌​‌‍these sentences under the amended T.C.A. § 40-2901. He chose to do so and the record reflects he reached a correct result. Therefore, I would affirm the judgment below.