171 Mo. 523 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1903
At the September term, 1901, of the circuit court of Carroll county, the defendant and one Richard Moran were jointly indicted for murder in the first degree for having at said county on May 28, 1901, shot and killed with a pistol one Charles McKinney.
Thereafter a severance was ordered, Moran was put upon trial, and convicted of murder in the second degree. Subsequently to the conviction of Moran, to-wit, at the April term, 1902, of said court, defendant Marsh was tried and convicted of murder in the second degree, and his punishment fixed at ten years imprisonment in the penitentiary. After the usual motions in such cases for new trial and in arrest were filed by him and overruled, he appeals.
The defense was an alibi.
The facts briefly stated are as follows:
The court instructed the jury for murder in the first and second degrees, and on alibi.
Defendant’s first insistence is that the second instruction given on the part of the State is erroneous, in that it omits to tell the jury that in order to constitute murder in the second degree the homicide must have been committed “willfully” or “intentionally.”
It reads as follows:
“2. If you find from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that at the county of Carroll in the State of Missouri, at any time before the finding of the indictment herein, the defendant did unlawfully, premeditatedly, and of his malice aforethought, but without ‘deliberation,’ as defined in these instructions, hill Charles McKinney, by shooting him with a.revolving’ pistol, then and there loaded with gunpowder and leaden balls, you will find the defendant guilty of murder in the second degree, and assess his punishment at imprisonment in the penitentiary for a term of not less than ten years.”
“Murder in the second degree is the wrongful killing of ahúman being with malice aforethought but without deliberation. It is when the intent to kill is, in a heat of passion, executed the instant it is conceived or before there has been time for the passion to subside. We do not use the phrase, ‘heat of passion’ in its technical sense, but as a condition of mind contradistinguished from a cool state of the blood.” [State v. Wieners, 66 Mo. 13.]
In State v. Curtis, 70 Mo. 594, it is said: “Where there is a willful killing with malice aforethought,-ifoai is, with malice and premeditation, but not with deliberation, or in a cool state of the blood, the offense is murder in the second degree.” Now in the instruction under comment, both the terms “premeditatedly” “ and of his malice aforethought” are used.
“Premeditatedly” was defined in instruction number one given in behalf of the State,.as “thought of be*529 forehand for any length of time, however short,.” and “malice aforethought” as meaning that the killing was done with “malice” and “premeditation,” so that not only do the terms used in the challenged instruction bring it strictly within the foregoing quotation from State v. Curtis, supra, but the definition of those terms as given by the court does so also.
The sixth instruction given on the part of the State is challenged, and we think with much more reason, upon the ground that it assumes a material and controverted fact in issue, that is, that defendant did the killing. An hour or two before the homicide the defendant and others with him had been assaulted and abused by the deceased and others, and the court instructed the jury that “such prior assault and abuse, if any, by Charles McKinney and others would not, in and of itself justify the defendant in killing said McKinney an hour or two thereafter, without some effort on the part of McKinney or those accompanying him to renew the assault or to carry into effect the treats, if any, previously made,” thus assuming that defendant killed McKinney when his defense was an alibi. It has been universally held by this court that an instruction which assumed a controverted fact to be true is erroneous. [State v. Wheeler, 79 Mo. 366; Comer v. Taylor, 82 Mo. 346; State v. Miller, 111 Mo. 542; State v. Dillihunty, 18 Mo. 331.]
A final contention is, that the court erred in refusing an instruction asked by defendant to the effect that if from all the evidence in the case the jury were neither morally certain of defendant’s guilt nor of his inno-' cence, then a reasonable doubt existed. But the question of reasonable doubt was sufficiently covered by the instructions that were given, which was all that was necessary.
For the reason intimated the judgment is reversed and the cause remanded.