107 Wash. App. 221 | Wash. Ct. App. | 2001
The State appeals suppression of evidence and dismissal of drug possession charges against Chris Magneson. The State argues that Magneson lacked standing to challenge evidence seized under a defective warrant used to search a home in which Magneson was a guest. Holding that Magneson had automatic standing to challenge the search and seizure, we affirm.
FACTS
The Kitsap County Sheriff’s Department searched Larry Felt’s house using a search warrant. Officers found Magneson, who was a guest in Felt’s home, and three other men sitting at a table with methamphetamine, baggies, pipes, razors and a scale. They also found baggies of methamphetamine on Magneson.
The State charged Magneson and Felt with possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver. Felt challenged the validity of the search warrant and persuaded the trial court that it was defective. The trial court suppressed the evidence seized under the warrant and excluded it from the case against Felt.
Magneson also moved to suppress seized evidence that the State intended to use against him. He alleged that (1) he had automatic standing to challenge the residential search of Felt’s house; and (2) there was insufficient evidence to support probable cause to issue the warrant. The trial court concluded that Magneson had automatic standing to challenge the warrant’s validity, ruled the warrant
ANALYSIS
We review issues of standing de novo. Wolstein v. Yorkshire Ins. Co., 97 Wn. App. 201, 206, 985 P.2d 400 (1999). Here, we address two primary issues: First, is automatic standing still viable in the State of Washington? And second, does Magneson, a houseguest of unknown duration, have automatic standing to challenge the unlawful search of another’s house from which police seized evidence and used it to charge him with unlawful possession?
I. Automatic Standing
A. Continued Viability In Washington
In a recent decision, our State Supreme Court noted that the United States Supreme Court has eliminated automatic standing under the Fourth Amendment to the federal Constitution; then, by way of comparison, it stated, “[A]utomatic standing still maintains a presence in Washington.” State v. Williams, 142 Wn.2d 17, 22, 11 P.3d 714 (2000). Although ruling that Williams did not have automatic standing in that case, the Court went on to discuss the doctrine’s applicability. Williams, 142 Wn.2d at 22-23.
We recognize that Williams’ discussion of automatic standing was dicta. But we cannot ignore the Court’s clear message that automatic standing remains viable in Washington. Had the Court intended to follow the federal courts’ lead in extinguishing automatic standing, it could have done so. Instead, the Court analyzed the doctrine, found it
Thus, a defendant who meets the following three criteria has automatic standing to challenge a search: (1) He was legitimately on the premises where the search occurred; (2) the State intends to use fruits of the search against him;
B. Applicability To Magneson
Magneson meets these criteria for automatic standing. First, as a guest in Felt’s house at the time of the search, Magneson was legitimately on the premises. Second, the State sought to use the fruits of the defective search to prove that Magneson was guilty of possession of methamphetamine. Third, Magneson did not do anything to defeat his expectation of privacy as a guest.
Accordingly, we hold that Magneson has automatic standing to challenge the legality of the seizure of the evidence used against him.
II. Suppression of Evidence
The officers entered Felt’s house using what they understood to be a legal search warrant. But the trial court later found the warrant defective, thereby rendering their entry and search illegal. Consequently, the officers were not at a lawful vantage point when they saw Magneson near the methamphetamine and manufacturing equipment. As such, the evidence was not admissible under the plain view doctrine.
Affirmed.
Armstrong, C.J., and Houghton, J., concur.
Review denied at 145 Wn.2d 1013 (2001).
Like the court in Felt’s case, the court here relied on State v. Thein, 138 Wn.2d 133, 977 P.2d 582 (1999), in concluding that no nexus existed between the place searched and Felt’s criminal activity. The State here did not assign error to the court’s ruling that the warrant application was deficient. As such, this court accepts the court’s finding as true. See State v. Hill, 123 Wn.2d 641, 647, 870 P.2d 313 (1994) (unchallenged findings become verities on appeal).
These first two criteria were first established in Washington in State v. Michaels, 60 Wn.2d 638, 646-47, 374 P.2d 989 (1962).
The third criteria may be discerned in Williams, 142 Wn.2d at 23 n.1, where the Court notes that Williams stipulated he was a “casual visitor.” When he did so, Williams waived any claim of automatic standing because he had no reasonable expectation of privacy.
U.S. Const. amend. IV.
Our State Constitution assures that “[n]o person shall be disturbed in his private affairs, or his home invaded, without authority of law.” Const. art. I, § 7.
The United States Supreme Court has clearly held that an overnight guest has a legitimate expectation of privacy in the host’s home. Minnesota v. Carter, 525
It is a well-established rule that ‘‘objects falling in the plain view of an officer who has the right to be in the position to have that view are subject to seizure and may be introduced in evidence.” Harris v. United States, 390 U.S. 234, 236, 88 S. Ct. 992, 19 L. Ed. 2d 1067 (1968); State v. Regan, 76 Wn.2d 331, 336, 457 P.2d 1016 (1969).