delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 The Eighth Judicial District Court, Cascade County, determined the State of Montana lacked particularized suspicion for the investigative stop of a vehicle driven by Shawntaigne Loney and granted Loney’s motion to dismiss the charges against her. The State appeals. We reverse and remand.
BACKGROUND
¶2 At about 2:30 a.m. on June 17, 2002, Jason Caughey was driving home to Great Falls, Montana, at the end of his shift at the Belt Rodeo as a reserve deputy for the Cascade County Sheriffs Office. Caughey observed a white Pontiac cross the center line of the two-lane highway in a no-passing zone. He saw the Pontiac cross the center line a total of three times at speeds of between 65 and 70 miles per hour, each time then weaving back the other way and twice crossing the fog line at the edge of the highway.
¶3 Caughey stopped the Pontiac because of the traffic violation he had witnessed-crossing the center line-and because he suspected the driver might be intoxicated. He subsequently cited the driver, Shawntaigne Loney, for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs (DUI) in violation of § 61-8-401, MCA, and failing to drive on the right side of the roadway in violation of § 61-8-321, MCA. In a justice court trial, a jury found Loney guilty of both offenses. She appealed to District Court for trial de novo.
¶4 In the District Court, Loney moved to dismiss the charges on grounds that Caughey’s initial stop of her was illegal because there was insufficient objective data from which an experienced officer could infer criminal wrongdoing. After a hearing at which Caughey testified, the District Court granted Loney’s motion to dismiss. The State appeals.
DISCUSSION
¶5 Did the District Court err in granting Loney’s motion to dismiss based on its determination that Caughey lacked particularized suspicion to justify an investigative stop?
¶6 We review a district court’s grant of a motion to dismiss in a criminal case
de novo;
that is, we review the decision to determine whether it was correct.
State v. Beanblossom,
¶7 Pursuant to § 46-5-401, MCA, “a peace officer may stop any person or vehicle that is observed in circumstances that create a particularized suspicion that the person or occupant of the vehicle has committed, is committing, or is about to commit an offense.” Montana courts use a two-part test for determining the existence of particularized suspicion sufficient to justify an investigative stop: (1) objective data from which an experienced officer can make certain inferences; and (2) a resulting suspicion that the occupant of a certain vehicle is or has been engaged in wongdoing.
State v. Eixenberger,
¶8 In granting Loney’s motion to dismiss for lack of particularized suspicion, the District Court compared this case to
Morris v. State,
¶9 Morris is not applicable here. As the District Court observed, Loney was cited not only for DUI, but also “for failure to drive to the right except when passing, in violation of § 61-8-321, MCA[.]”
¶10 Loney argues, however, that Caughey did not qualify as an “experienced officer” for purposes of the first prong of the test for determining the existence of particularized suspicion. See Eixenberger, ¶ 16. She surmises that, by referring to Caughey as “Reserve Deputy Jason Caughey,” the District Court indicated it had considered and relied upon the testimony about Caughey’s lack of experience. She also points out discrepancies between Caughey’s statements in his affidavit of probable cause and his testimony at the hearing concerning how far her vehicle passed over the center line, as well as between his direct *308 and cross-examination.
¶11 Loney’s arguments are without merit. The District Court did not determine that Caughey was not credible. Indeed, it related-and relied on-Caughey’s testimony in its order. Moreover, referring to Caughey by his appropriate title of Reserve Deputy is a far cry from making an express determination that he was not an “experienced officer.”
¶12 The facts of the present case are controlled by our recent decision in
Widdicombe v. State ex rel. Lafond,
¶13 Here, Caughey testified Loney crossed the center line on more than one occasion. His testimony was undisputed in that regard. Nor did Loney argue or present testimony that any of the circumstances set forth in § 61-8-321, MCA, as exceptions to the requirement that a vehicle be operated on the right half of the roadway exist.
¶14 Finally, Loney argues the particularized suspicion “standard” set forth in
Hulse v. State, Dept. of Justice,
¶15 la.Hulse, ¶ 39, we posited that, where an individual was “driving erratically” by “driving all over the road, crossing the center fine and the fog line, weaving in and out of traffic, or braking for green lights,” particularized suspicion would be established for both an initial stop and administration of field sobriety tests. Our discussion did not establish a general standard for particularized suspicion. It merely set forth an example of a situation creating particularized suspicion for both an initial stop and administration of field sobriety tests.
¶16 Caughey observed Loney crossing the center line of the highway under circumstances which did not fit any of the § 61-8-321, MCA, exceptions to the statutory prohibition of crossing the center line. Crossing the center line is an objective standard which would have led an experienced officer to infer Loney was committing a traffic violation. Observation of a traffic offense is sufficient to establish a particularized suspicion.
See State v. Brander,
¶17 Reversed and remanded for further proceedings consistent with this Opinion.