On October 17th, 1928, in the Criminal Court of Common Pleas for the county of New Haven, *241 the defendant was convicted of the offense of operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor. Thereupon, in order to invoke the greater penalty provided for second offenders, the Prosecuting Attorney filed against her a further information, stating that previously, on June 21st, 1927, she had been convicted of a similar offense in the City Court of New Haven. In proof of this charge he offered in evidence a judgment-file of the City Court signed by Joseph Weiner, Assistant Clerk, and also the original complaint and warrant in the action, upon which was noted the fact that a plea of nolo contendere had been entered and a sentence imposed but which did not bear the signature of the judge or clerk. The defendant objected to the admission of both documents. Joseph Weiner, then called as a witness, testified that the judgment-file had been prepared by him on the day before from memoranda and notations on the back of the original file and the entries in the original docket of the court, all unsigned, but the latter in the handwriting of the clerk of the court. Thereupon the documents were admitted in evidence against the objection of the defendant.
The judgment-file sets forth that on June 21st, 1927, the defendant was convicted of the crime of operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor and was then sentenced. It appears from its recitals that the execution of the sentence was later suspended and in drawing the judgment-file the date of that suspension was treated as the date of the rendition of the judgment, and the judgment-file is otherwise lacking in matter of form. It does, however, adequately set forth the fact of the defendant's conviction and sentence, and she does not now seek, as she could not obtain, any advantage from its merely technical imperfections. From the charter *242 of the city of New Haven, of which we take judicial notice, it appears that it is the duty of the clerk of the City Court to keep its criminal files and records and that each assistant clerk has all the power and may perform all the duties of the clerk, subject to his direction. Special Laws of 1899, p. 438, § 169; Special Laws of 1905, p. 914, § 26. It is one of the duties of clerks of courts, except in special cases, to draw up or supervise the drawing up of judgment-files and to sign them as representative of the court whose acts they recount. See Practice Book, p. 270, §§ 125, 126; General Statutes, § 5534. Upon its face the judgment-file here in question bore no imperfections which would affect its admissibility or its weight as authentic evidence of the prior conviction of the accused.
The defendant objects to it, however, because it was made up more than a year after the defendant was convicted of the offense charged, from unsigned memoranda upon the original information and writ and upon the docket of the court. There is a distinction between the judgment of the court, such notations as in the present case appear upon the original complaint and in the docket of the court, and the judgment-file. The judgment is the determination or sentence of the law speaking through the court, pronounced or made known in some appropriate way, orally or in writing or partly in each. The notations on the original complaint and in the docket are the entries made when a judgment is rendered in order to preserve accurately and put upon immediate public record the acts of the court. The judgment-file consists of the writing out of the judgment for record, giving a history of the various steps in the action leading up to it, and it is prepared and signed at a time subsequent to the rendition of the judgment. Bulkeley's Appeal,
In a criminal case it is the imposition of sentence which is the judgment of the court. State v. Vaughan,
As there is no infirmity in the judgment-file even when viewed in the light of the testimony of the assistant clerk, we have no occasion to consider whether that testimony was admissible at all for the purpose of attacking the judgment-file as proper and sufficient evidence of the judgment actually rendered against the defendant.
There is no error.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.