252 S.E.2d 225 | N.C. Ct. App. | 1979
STATE of North Carolina
v.
Gary Dennis LEE.
Court of Appeals of North Carolina.
*226 Atty. Gen. Rufus L. Edmisten by Special Deputy Atty. Gen. John R. B. Matthis and Associate Atty. Gen. Rebecca R. Bevacqua, Raleigh, for the State.
Edwards & Atwater by Phil S. Edwards and W. Ben Atwater, Jr., Siler City, for defendant-appellant.
PARKER, Judge.
When defendant filed his petition for writ of error coram nobis on 18 November 1977, the filing of such a petition was the appropriate procedure by which a defendant not in prison could challenge the validity of a criminal judgment against him on grounds extraneous to the record. State v. Green, 277 N.C. 188, 176 S.E.2d 756 (1970). There having been no appeal from the challenged judgment, the prior permission of the Supreme Court was not a prerequisite to the filing of the petition. Dantzic v. State, 279 N.C. 212, 182 S.E.2d 563 (1971). Therefore, at the time defendant's petition was filed, he adopted the appropriate procedure to challenge the 2 September *227 1977 judgment on the ground that he had been denied his constitutional right to counsel when that judgment was entered against him, a matter which was extraneous to the record.
After the order was entered in Superior Court denying defendant's petition and while the present appeal from that order was pending, Art. 89 of G.S. Ch. 15A became effective on 1 July 1978. That Article "applies to all matters addressed by its provisions without regard to when a defendant's guilt was established or when judgment was entered against him." Sec. 39, Ch. 711, 1977 Session Laws. One of the provisions in that Article, G.S. 15A-1411(c), provides that "[t]he relief formerly available by . . . coram nobis and all other post-trial motions is available by motion for appropriate relief." Such a motion "is a motion in the original cause and not a new proceeding." G.S. 15A-1411(b). A motion for appropriate relief on the ground that the defendant's conviction was obtained in violation of the Constitution of the United States or the Constitution of North Carolina may be made more than 10 days after entry of judgment, G.S. 15A-1415(b)(3), and "may be heard and determined in the trial division by any judge who is empowered to act in criminal matters in the judicial district and trial division in which the judgment was entered." G.S. 15A-1413(a). The court's ruling on a motion for appropriate relief pursuant to G.S. 15A-1415 is subject to review by writ of certiorari if the time for appeal from the conviction has expired and no appeal is pending when the ruling is entered. G.S. 15A-1422(c). Since G.S. 15A-1422(c) is applicable to the present case, we treat defendant's appeal from the order denying his petition as a petition for a writ of certiorari and allow the writ in order to provide defendant appellant review in this case.
Turning to the merits of defendant's position, we find that the order of the Superior Court denying defendant's petition for writ of error coram nobis was based upon an erroneous conclusion of law. Finding No. VI, although included under the heading "Findings of Fact," is actually a conclusion of law and is erroneous. In this "Finding," the Court concluded that a violation of G.S. 49-2 "is not a serious misdemeanor so as to require appointment of counsel or intelligent waiver thereof under the 6th and 14th amendment of the United States Constitution." In reaching this conclusion, the Superior Court may have been influenced by the majority opinion of our North Carolina Supreme Court in State v. Green, supra, which held that a violation of G.S. 49-2 is a "petty offense" for which the offender may be tried without assistance of counsel. That case, however, was decided prior to the decision of the United States Supreme Court in Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25, 92 S. Ct. 2006, 32 L. Ed. 2d 530 (1972) in which the court held "that absent a knowing and intelligent waiver, no person may be imprisoned for any offense, whether classified as petty, misdemeanor, or felony, unless he is represented by counsel at his trial." 407 U.S. at 37, 92 S.Ct. at 2012, 32 L. Ed. 2d at 538. G.S. 49-8(1) provides that a violation of G.S. 49-2 may be punished by imprisonment for a term not to exceed six months, and thus the holding in Argersinger is clearly applicable to the case of a defendant charged with such a violation. The conclusion of the Superior Court to the contrary in the present case is in error.
We note that following the decision in Argersinger, our General Assembly in 1973 enacted Ch. 151 of the 1973 Session Laws which amended G.S. 7A-451(a)(1) to provide that an indigent person is entitled to services of counsel in "[a]ny case in which imprisonment, or a fine of five hundred dollars ($500.00), or more, is likely to be adjudged." It is true that the defendant in the present case was found not to be an indigent. Nevertheless, under Argersinger he had a constitutional right to be represented by counsel at his trial unless he knowingly and intelligently waived that right. In this case there was no finding that defendant waived his right to counsel. Moreover, the record in the present case would not support such a finding. On the contrary, the record on appeal, which was *228 settled by agreement between the attorney for defendant and the Assistant District Attorney who represented the State contains the following stipulation:
It is further stipulated by the State and defendant that at the original trial in the District Court of Chatham County held September 2, 1977, the following events transpired:
The warrant for arrest charging defendant with neglecting and refusing to support and maintain Latesha Degraffenreidt, his illegitimate child born to Annette Degraffenreidt on September 9, 1975 after due notice and demand was made upon defendant on March 1, 1977 by Annette Degraffenreidt in violation of N.C. G.S. 49-2 was issued August 9, 1977 and served on the defendant August 20, 1977. Case was called for trial at the September 2, 1977 and defendant requested that the case be continued to allow defendant time to employ counsel to represent him stating that defendant was a member of the United States Armed Forces and stationed at Fort Bragg and had been unable since the time of his arrest to employ counsel to represent him in this matter. At this time the State objected to the defendant being granted a continuance and the Court denied defendant's motion for a continuance. Defendant was not informed of his right to have an attorney to represent him and did not execute either a written or oral waiver of his right to counsel. When called upon to plead, defendant entered a plea of guilty and the verdict of the Court was guilty and sentence as hereinbefore set out was imposed. Defendant immediately thereafter paid $27 court costs but at no time thereafter paid any sums of money into the Clerk of Superior Court for the use and benefit of the illegitimate child named in the warrant.
These stipulated facts negate any knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel. That defendant failed to employ counsel during the period between 20 August, when the warrant was served on him, and 2 September, when he was tried, would not, standing alone, support a finding that he had knowingly and intelligently waived his right to counsel. Certainly we do not suggest that a non-indigent defendant may continue stubbornly to refuse to employ counsel after being advised of his right to do so and thereby frustrate the State's ability to bring him to trial; there may be circumstances under which the continued neglect by such a defendant to provide himself with counsel would in itself amount to a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel. However, no such circumstances appear in the present case.
The finding by the Superior Court made in its Finding No. VII that defendant's plea of guilty in this case "was the informed choice of the Defendant and was freely, voluntarily and understandably made, and that the Defendant was advised of his right to appeal on September 2, 1977," is not sufficient to sustain the judgment entered on defendant's plea in this case. The stipulated facts show that defendant was called upon to plead when he was neither represented by counsel nor had waived his right to counsel. As pointed out by the United States Supreme Court in Argersinger:
Beyond the problem of trials and appeals is that of the guilty plea, a problem which looms large in misdemeanor as well as in felony cases. Counsel is needed so that the accused may know precisely what he is doing, so that he is fully aware of the prospect of going to jail or prison, and so that he is treated fairly by the prosecution. 407 U.S. at 34, 92 S. Ct. 2011, 32 L.Ed.2d at 536-37.
In recognition of this problem, our General Assembly by Ch. 1286, 1973 Session Laws, enacted G.S. 15A-1012(a), which was in effect when defendant was called upon to plead in this case and which provides as follows:
G.S. 15A-1012. Aid of counsel; time for deliberation. (a) A defendant may not be called upon to plead until he has had an opportunity to retain counsel or, if he is eligible for assignment of counsel, until counsel has been assigned or waived in accordance with Article 36 of Chapter 7A of the General Statutes.
*229 Because the judgment of the District Court entered 2 September 1977 imposing a suspended sentence on defendant was entered when he was neither represented by counsel nor had knowingly and intelligently waived counsel, that judgment must be vacated. The order of the Superior Court denying defendant's petition for writ of error coram nobis is reversed. The 2 September 1977 judgment of the District Court imposing a suspended sentence on the defendant and the judgments of the Superior and District Courts activating that sentence are vacated, defendant's plea of guilty entered in the District Court is stricken, and this case is remanded to the Superior Court of Chatham County with instructions to that Court to further remand this case to the District Court, where defendant will be entitled to a new trial.
Reversed and remanded and defendant granted a New Trial.
ARNOLD and WEBB, JJ., concur.
