Dennis Larson appeals the judgment of the Superior Court (Hancock County, Smith, J.), entered after a jury-waived trial, convicting him of intentionally or knowingly causing the death of his wife Kathy Frost Larson by pushing her off Otter Cliffs in Acadia National Park. Finding no error in any of the court’s rulings and finding ample evidence to support Larson’s conviction, we affirm.
I.
The Facts
Following a divorce from his second wife in Montana in May 1987, Dennis Larson came to Maine in June to work as a construction electrician in East Millinocket. 1 He promptly joined a computer dating service and placed on-going personal advertisements in two area newspapers seeking a “childless lady.” His express purpose in seeking female companionship was immediate marriage. After she responded to one of his advertisements, Larson called Kathy Frost, a nurse’s aide, at her home in Dexter. He asked her to marry him within two weeks after their first meeting. They were married on Sunday, September 20, 1987.
The next morning, the newlyweds met with Timothy Callahan, a sales representative for Allstate Insurance at Sears in the Bangor Mall. They purchased a combined universal life insurance policy of $300,000 coverage on his life and $200,000 on hers, with double indemnity for accidental death. They named each other primary beneficiaries and prepaid the policies for two months. Larson subsequently contacted Callahan about reducing the face amount of the policies and set up a meeting for Monday, October 12, to meet and discuss the changes.
On Friday, October 9, Kathy told her mother that the couple planned to go to Acadia National Park the next day. Kathy was afraid of heights and water and, unlike Larson, professed no love for the outdoors. She told her mother that she did not want to go to the Park and was going only to please her new husband. The couple did
On Sunday evening, October 11, Larson arrived alone at the Jordan Pond House in the Park to report that someone had fallen off a cliff. Park rangers arriving at Otter Cliffs at about 7:00 p.m. were told by Larson, who arrived there shortly after they did, that his wife had fallen. He showed them where her body was on the rocks beneath the Cliffs. Rescue personnel rappelled the Cliffs but Kathy’s body had to be removed by boat. Her death had been instantaneous after the 80-foot fall.
The Maine State Police investigation, led by Detective Jeffrey Harmon, began the day after Kathy’s death. Harmon conducted extensive interviews with Larson from that time until Larson’s arrest the following February. Larson himself instigated many of their meetings either by visiting Harmon at the State Police barracks in Orono or by calling him at the barracks or at his home. Larson insisted throughout this period that he and Kathy had gone their separate ways upon arriving at Otter Cliffs on that Sunday and that she must have slipped on the rocks and fallen over the Cliffs’ edge. At the beginning of November Larson returned to Montana whence, on November 12, he called the Allstate office in Bangor and instructed Callahan to begin the claims process on Kathy’s life insurance policy.
Following three months of investigation, Harmon met with Larson in Montana on February 2, 1988. During that interview, Larson admitted that he had been lying and told Harmon that the couple had had an argument at the Cliffs, that during the argument he had pushed Kathy, and that she had fallen over the Cliffs’ edge. He was immediately arrested. Upon his return to Maine, the Hancock County grand jury indicted Larson for Kathy’s murder on two counts: intentionally or knowingly causing her death (Count I), 17-A M.R.S.A. § 201(1)(A) (1983); and causing her death through conduct manifesting depraved indifference to the value of human life (Count II), id. § 201(1)(B) (1983). Larson pleaded not guilty. He later waived his right to a jury trial. After an eight-day trial, the court found Larson guilty on Count I, charging intentional murder. 2 After denying several post-trial motions, including Larson’s motions for acquittal and for a new trial, the court sentenced Larson to 50 years’ imprisonment. This appeal follows.
II.
Evidentiary Issues
Prior to trial defendant asked the court to suppress all of the statements he made to Detective Harmon during the investigation. Defendant contended that the empathetic and friendly manner in which Harmon interacted with defendant constituted psychological coercion, rendering all of defendant’s statements inadmissible because they were not voluntary. Defendant introduced expert psychological testimony to the effect that he had an overwhelming need to please people, and argued that when he confessed to pushing his wife off the Cliffs he was only trying to tell Harmon what he thought Harmon wanted to hear. Reviewing the suppression justice’s decision for clear error,
see State v. Barczak,
Defendant also contends that the trial court erred on a number of evidentia-ry rulings by admitting, in the face of objections under M.R.Evid. 403, evidence that was unfairly prejudicial more than probative. We review these rulings for abuse of discretion,
see State v. Sproul,
III.
Sufficiency of the Evidence
One of defendant’s principal contentions on appeal is that the State failed to prove
corpus delicti,
i.e., that the victim’s body was indeed that of Kathy Frost Larson and that the death had been caused by a criminal agency. The State bears different burdens of proof under the
corpus delicti
rule: first, to present evidence independent of the defendant’s own statements adequate to prove both elements of
corpus delicti
to a probable cause standard and, second, to present evidence, including any post-crime admissions or confessions made by the defendant adequate to establish the
corpus delicti
beyond a reasonable doubt.
See State v. Libby,
Following his conviction, defendant moved for a judgment of acquittal or a new trial. On appeal, he challenges the trial court’s denial of these motions and contends that there was insufficient evidence presented to support his conviction. On appeal of a motion for judgment of acquittal in a jury-waived case, the test applied by this court is “whether, in view of all the testimony, there was believable evidence from which a single justice, acting as the factfinder, was warranted in believing beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was guilty.”
State v. Dyer,
The State presented more than adequate evidence to warrant the Superior Court’s belief beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant did indeed intentionally or knowingly murder Kathy Frost Larson. Having proved the corpus delicti, the State also proved that defendant had previously outlined a scheme to make money from life insurance through the “accidental” death of a wife, that he came to Maine actively seeking a wife, that despite the apparent differences in their interests he married Kathy soon after meeting her and immediately took out a substantial life insurance policy on her life with double indemnity in case of her accidental death. Combined with all of the other evidence, defendant’s confession that he had in fact pushed Kathy off the Cliffs established beyond a reasonable doubt the elements of the State’s case for intentional or knowing murder. See id.
Finally, we find no merit whatsoever in defendant’s argument, made for the first time after his conviction, that the state court lacked jurisdiction to try him because the crime occurred in a national park. There is no question that in October 1987 the State had criminal jurisdiction concurrent with that of the federal government over Acadia National Park. 1 M.R. S.A. § 8 (1989) provides a mechanism, including consent or approval by the appropriate federal authorities, for the cession and retrocession of concurrent legislative jurisdiction between the State and federal government for federal enclaves located within the geographic boundaries of Maine.
5
The state legislature completed all of section 8’s requirements in obtaining concurrent jurisdiction over Acadia National Park in 1986, declaring its concurrent jurisdiction in P. & S.L.1985, eh. 94. The federal government completed the process on June 17, 1986, by approving the retro-cession of concurrent jurisdiction pursuant to 40 U.S.C. § 255 (1986). Concurrent jurisdiction over Acadia National Park having been properly obtained by legislative action
The entry is:
Judgment affirmed.
All concurring.
Notes
. Larson’s first wife died in Montana in 1975.
. The State contends on appeal that the court erred in refusing to enter a verdict on Count II, depraved indifference murder. Since it is unnecessary for us to address this argument in order to dispose of the contentions Larson raises on appeal and the State has not cross-appealed, the issue is not before us.
. In fact, the State stipulated that there was nothing untoward in the death by drowning of defendant's first wife, and defendant himself raised the specter of wrongdoing by highlighting its innuendo significance.
. Indeed, defendant offered to stipulate to the content of the proposed testimony regarding identification of Kathy’s body, ostensibly to avoid any adverse emotional impact such testimony could produce. He cannot argue, then, that he was unfairly surprised or unfairly prejudiced by the testimony itself. Because defen
. "Concurrent legislative jurisdiction” vests in the State and in the United States “all rights accorded a sovereign with the broad qualification that such authority is held concurrently over all matters, including but not limited to the enforcement of traffic or criminal laws over crimes and offenses committed within the National Parks, police powers, and taxes.” United States Department of the Interior, Notice of Acceptance of Cession and Retrocession, received June 17, 1986 (acknowledging the action of the Maine legislature and completing the retrocession of concurrent jurisdiction over Acadia National Park).