State v. Lane

84 P. 804 | Or. | 1906

Mr. Justice Moore

delivered the opinion of the court.

1. The question thus presented is whether or not the court’s remark to defendant’s counsel respecting the testimony given by a witness invaded the province of the jury. Our statute, in prescribing the kind of instructions to be given, contains the following declaration, to wit:

“In charging the jury, the court shall state to them all naatters of law which it thinks necessary for their information in giving their verdict, but it shall not present the facts of the case, but shall inform the jury that they are the exclusive judges of all questions of fact”: B. & C. Comp. § 139.

It will not do to say that because the language complained of was addressed to defendant’s counsel, though, in the presence of the jury, that the expression was not. used in charging them and for that reason iLwas harmless. Any person who has carefully observed the attention which jurors give to what they consider to be the court’s predisposition towards or opposition to a party, knows that a judge’s smile or frown during the trial of a cause seems to influence their minds, thereby affecting their verdict. As spoken language is usually the better means of indicating prejudice or sympathy than facial expression, the former mode of revealing a mental condition is therefore the more prejudicial. Conceding that every comment made by a court in the presence of a jury, respecting the testimony given by a witness, is in the nature of an instruction (State v. Stowell, 60 Iowa, 535, 15 N. W. 417), the remark complained of will be examined to determine whether or not the language used attempted to present the facts of the case, and for that reason violates the provisions of the statute quoted.

2. That the court’s observation to the defendant’s counsel was subject to the objection interposed at the trial, they cite the case of State v. Lucas, 24 Or. 168 (33 Pac. 538). In that case the language complained oí related to the veracity of an unchaste woman who was an important witness. Her credibility was a question within the exclusive province of a jury to determine, without suggestion by the court. In the case at bar, however, so far as we are able to ascertain from an inspection of the bill of exceptions, the court was only attempting to correct an evident misstatement of Reeder’s testimony, by suggesting to defendant’s counsel what that witness had unquestionably said.

It is not to be supposed, nor do we intend to be understood as intimating, that the misrepresentation of the testimony was willful. In the excitement necessarily incident to an energetic trial, testimony given in favor of or in opposition to a party frequently produces impressions upon the minds of counsel that are at variance with the declarations under oath of the witnesses as heard by persons who are less interested in the result of the action. It is sometimes difficult to hear distinctly what a timid or hesitating witness has said when called to the stand, and an attorney, in commenting before the jury upon the testimony which he supposes to have been given, may impart to it a coloring not justified by, and possibly at variance with, the exact words spoken. The modern method of reporting trials of actions enables opposing counsel to, correct such misstatements by causing the stenographic notes of the testimony given by a witness to be read, thereby avoiding the necessity formerly existing of applying to the court for a correct statement of the language used under oath. Though the precise interpretation of the testimony so given is not at present indispensable by the court, as the arbiter of controversies, when a stenographic report of a trial is made, such modern method does not necessarily preclude a judge, in case the testimony of a witness is evidently misstated by counsel, from correcting the error, if the language used is a repetition of the testimony given. Thus, in State v. Burns, 19 Wash. 52 (52 Pac. 316), the defendant having been convicted of grand larceny appealed, and in affirming the judgment Mr. Chief Justice Scott, disposing of a similar assignment, declared : “ It is next alleged that •the court erred in commenting on the testimony. The language complained of is that the court said: ‘It is mostly a case of positive testimony.’ This was in fact true. The remark was not open to the charge that .the court expressed an opinion on the weight of the testimony. There was no error in this respect.” An examination of Reeder’s testimony, which has been hereinbe-fore set out in its entirety, on this branch of the case, conclusively shows that the court’s remark was in effect a correct statement thereof, and this being so, no error was committed as alleged.

Another alleged error is assigned by defendant’s counsel; but, deeming it unimportant, the judgment is affirmed. Affirmed.