OPINION
Thе only issue we decide in this opinion is whether the court of appeals erred in dismissing the Victim’s separate petition for review. We find that it did not. We have jurisdiction pursuant to Ariz. Const, art. 6, § 5(3), and rule 31.19, Arizona Rules of Criminal Procedure.
PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Resрondent Kenneth James Lamberton (defendant) filed a petition for post-conviction relief, pursuant to rule 32.1, Arizona Rules of Criminal Procedure. Defendant, who was serving a 12-year sentence pursuant to a plea agreement for one count of molestation of a child, aged 14, in violation of A.R.S. §§ 13-1410, 13-604.01, and 13-801, argued that his sentence was cruel and unusual punishment based on
State v. Bartlett (Bartlett II),
In November 1994, the State and the Victim filed separate petitions for review in the court of appeals challenging the trial court’s granting of defendant’s petition for post-conviction relief. The State and the Victim also filed separate requests in the trial court for stay of the resentencing proceedings, which the trial court denied. The State and the Victim then filed separate requests in the court of appeals for immediate stay of the resentencing proceedings. On November 30, 1994, the court of appeals dismissed the Victim’s petition for review and denied both requests for stay of the resentencing proceedings. The court of appeals stated that “the scope of the remedy afforded by [rule 32.9, Arizona Rules of Criminal Procedure] only extends to aggrieved parties; therefore, the Victim’s Petition for Review is without the jurisdiction of this court.” (Emphasis added.)
On December 5, the State and the Victim filed in this court separate petitions for special action and applications for intеrlocutory stay of the resentencing proceedings. We denied the requests for stay, but stated that the denial was not “based on any lack of standing insofar as the victim is concerned,” dismissed the State’s petition for speciаl action as moot, and dismissed the Victim’s petition for special action. We directed the Victim to proceed in this court by petition for review if she wished to seek appellate review of the court of appeals’ dismissal of her petition for review on standing grounds, which she did.
The trial court resentenced defendant to probation on December 8, 1994.
DISCUSSION
The Victim alleges that the court of appeals’ decision to dismiss her pеtition for review because she is not an “aggrieved party” is contrary to the Victims’ Bill of Rights (VBR) in the Arizona Constitution, which provides that victims of crime have the right
4. To be heard at any proceeding involving a post-arrest releasе decision, a negotiated plea, and sentencing.
9. To be heard at any proceeding when any post-conviction release from confinement is being considered.
Ariz. Const, art. 2, § 2.1(A). She argues that the decision is also сontrary to certain provisions of the Victims’ Rights Implementation Act (VRIA), A.R.S. §§ 13-4401 to -4438, which the legislature enacted to “define, implement, preserve and protect the rights guaranteed to crime victims by [Ariz. Const, art. 2, § 2.1].” Historical and Statutory Nоtes to A.R.S., tit. 13, ch. 40 (Supp.1994). Specifically, the Victim cites § 13-4418, which states that the Act “shall be liberally construed to preserve and protect the rights to which victims are entitled”; § 13-4426, which states that the Victim has the right to be heard at any sentеncing proceeding; § 13-4428, which states in what form a victim may make her statement; and § 13-4437, which states that “[t]he victim has standing to seek an order or to bring a special action mandating that the victim be afforded any right or to challenge an order denying any right guaranteed to victims under the victims’ bill of rights, ... any implementing legislation or court rules.”
The Victim claims that the VBR gives her standing as a “party aggrieved,” and therefore she may file a petition for review pursuant to rule 32.9(c), which states that “after the final decision of the trial court on the petition for post-conviction relief ..., any party aggrieved may petition the appropriate appellate court for review of the actions of thе trial court.” (Emphasis added.) While it is true that a major purpose of the VBR is to give victims the right to be heard at “criminal proceedings,” we cannot conclude that victims are “parties” with the right to file their own petitions for review.
As defined by the VRIA § 13-4401(7) and rule 39(a)(2), “criminal proceedings” only include matters before the trial court. The Victim was heard at the evidentiary hearing held on August 11 and 12, 1994, on defendant’s petition for post-conviction relief; she testified and filed a written statement and legal memorandum. She presented a letter to the probation department that was attached to the presentence memorandum, and her attorney presented arguments to the trial сourt at the resentencing held on December 8, 1994.
Furthermore, under the rules for post-conviction relief proceedings, parties on a petition for review in the appellate court are designated the samе as the parties in the trial court.
See
Rule 32.9(c)(1). In civil cases, a “party” is someone who is directly interested in the subject matter of the suit, has a right to control the proceedings, to plead defenses, and to examine or сross-examine witnesses.
See Helge v. Druke,
The California Supreme Court has held that a victim is not a party to criminal proceedings because “neithеr a crime victim nor any other citizen has a legally enforceable interest, public or private, in the commencement, conduct, or outcome of criminal proceedings against another.”
Dix v. Superior Court,
Under § 13-4437, the Victim has standing only to “seek an order or to bring a special action” to assert the enumerated rights guaranteed by the VBR. If the trial court had refused to hear from the Victim at the post-conviction relief proceeding, for example, then the Victim could have filed a special action with the court of appeals to assert her right under article 2, § 2.1(A), to be heard. Section 13-4437, however, does not give the Victim standing to argue before an appellate court that the trial court’s ruling in a criminаl proceeding was error or to bring the types of action against the defendant that the State can bring.
The Victim’s reliance on article 2, § 2.1(A)(9) of the Arizona Constitution and A.R.S. § 13-4414 is also misplaced because those provisions deal with post-conviction
release,
which involves parole, work furlough, community supervision, temporary release, or other such discharges from confinement.
See
A.R.S. § 13-4401(14). Here, the proceeding to which the Victim objects deals with sentеncing and the post-conviction
relief
proceeding. Applying the plain language of the state constitution, article 2, § 2.1(A)(9) does not apply to this situation.
See Knapp v. Martone,
The Victim nevertheless asserts that the constitutional right to be “heard” includes the right to file her own separate petition for review and that statutes and court rules cannot limit that right. We agree that the implementing statutes and rules cannot eliminate or narrow rights guaranteed by the state constitution.
See Knapp,
The Victim argues that the only way to be heard at appellate proceedings is to file a petition for reviеw; therefore, she must be allowed to file her own petition for review to assert her right “[t]o be heard at any proceeding involving ... sentencing.” Ariz. Const, art. 2, § 2.1(A)(4) (emphasis added). The Victim may have a right to be heard, in some fashion, at the appellate level. We do not, however, address whether the Victim could be heard in some manner other than in a separate petition for review. We note that the Victim has appeared at the trial cоurt level on defendant’s petition for post-conviction relief and at the resentencing; thus, through the court of appeals’ review of the record from the trial court, the Victim will be heard.
We also emphasize that the VBR obligates the prosecutor to communicate with the Victim during several stages of the proceedings involving defendant.
See
rule 39(b)(7), (10), (11), & (12), Arizona Rules of Criminal Procedure. The prosecutor, on behalf of the State, is an “aggrieved pаrty” in this proceeding and is the proper party to file a petition for review. The prosecution
For the above reasons, we affirm the court of appeals’ dismissal of the Victim’s petition for review. We direct that the court of appeals proceed with consideration of the State’s petition for review now before that court.