61 Conn. App. 490 | Conn. App. Ct. | 2001
Opinion
The defendant, Leo Labbe, appeals from the judgment of conviction, rendered after a jury trial, of breach of the peace in violation of General Statutes § 53a-181 (a) (5).
The jury could have reasonably found the following facts. On November 27, 1996, the victim was traveling on Interstate 84 to Boston. After she entered a rest area,
On December 30,1996, the trooper arranged an array of photographs for the victim to review. She recognized the photograph of the defendant and said that she was 70 percent certain that he was the person who had exposed himself to her at the rest stop on November 27, 1996.
I
The following additional facts and procedural history are necessary to resolve the defendant’s claim that the court improperly admitted evidence of his subsequent misconduct through the testimony of two witnesses.
The first witness testified that on August 15, 1997, while traveling with a friend southbound on Interstate 91, she stopped at a rest area. She saw the defendant’s vehicle parked in the lot. Because of the defendant’s “grubby” look and her suspicions, she memorized the marker plate on the defendant’s vehicle. The defendant subsequently followed her onto the highway and, through the open window of his vehicle, exposed himself to her in a manner similar to what had occurred during the November 27, 1996 incident. She reported the incident to the state police, and the defendant subsequently was arrested.
The defendant argues that the victim’s testimony and that of the trooper relating to subsequent uncharged misconduct was inadmissible. Although the defendant’s objection to the admissibility of subsequent uncharged misconduct evidence preserved his challenge to the testimony of the first witness, the defendant did not object to the trooper’s testimony. We decline to review the claim challenging the trooper’s testimony, notwithstanding the defendant’s claim that it should be reviewed under State v. Golding, 213 Conn. 233, 239-40, 567 A.2d 823 (1989), or the plain error doctrine. Practice Book § 60-5. The defendant failed to preserve that claim for appeal properly, and it involves an evidentiary and not a constitutional matter. It does not, therefore, satisfy the requirements for review under Golding. Further, it fails under the plain error doctrine because the trooper’s testimony did not result in any manifest injustice. See Practice Book § 60-5.
The defendant on appeal argues that the court improperly admitted into evidence the witnesses’ testimony about the 1997 incident because of its highly prejudicial nature, and because it was too dissimilar from the 1996 incident to meet the requirements for admission under a theory of common scheme, plan or design, or identity or intent. He also argues that the evidence of the 1997 incident was inadmissible because it was subsequent uncharged misconduct rather than prior uncharged misconduct. We do not agree.
The defendant cites no case law or statute to support his assertion that subsequent uncharged misconduct is more prejudicial than prior uncharged misconduct. Our Supreme Court, however, has upheld the admission of subsequent misconduct by a defendant as relevant to the issue of identity. State v. Smith, 198 Conn. 147, 157, 502 A.2d 874 (1985). In State v. Payne, 219 Conn. 93, 102, 591 A.2d 1246 (1991), although the Supreme Court determined that evidence of a defendant’s subsequent criminal activity was not relevant to prove identity and should not have been admitted at trial, that court made not distinction between prior uncharged misconduct and subsequent uncharged misconduct. Thus, as we determined in State v. Lepri, 56 Conn. App. 403, 409, 743 A.2d 626, cert. denied, 253 Conn. 902, 753 A.2d 938 (2000), “[t]he important factor ... in admitting evidence of uncharged misconduct is its relevancy and prejudicial effect.” In Smith, Payne and Lepri, no distinction was made between prejudice associated with
Evidence is admissible if such evidence outweighs its prejudicial impact and if it meets the requirements that the offense is (1) not too remote in time, (2) similar to the offense charged and (3) committed upon a person similar to the prosecuting witness. See State v. Esposito, 192 Conn. 166, 169-70, 471 A.2d 949 (1984). It is also relevant to note that our courts are “more liberal in admitting evidence of other criminal acts to show a common scheme or pattern in sex related crimes than in other crimes.” State v. Kulmac, 230 Conn. 43, 62, 644 A.2d 887 (1994).
The August 15,1997 and November 27,1996 incidents certainly were not too remote in time, having occurred within months of each other. The acts also were sufficiently similar because they both involved the defendant’s exposing himself in a similar manner from within his vehicle, through an open widow, to women whom he had initially located in rest areas along interstate highways in Connecticut. The court also noted that uncharged misconduct may be admitted to show intent. We agree. See State v. Baldwin, 224 Conn. 347, 355, 618 A.2d 513 (1993); see also State v. Wild, 43 Conn. App. 458, 464-65, 684 A.2d 720, cert. denied, 239 Conn. 954, 688 A.2d 326 (1996).
Moreover, the court carefully considered the admissibility of the evidence. It conducted a full hearing outside of the presence of the jury. Its instructions to the jury were thorough in explaining the limited purpose for which the testimony should be used, and the jury was cautioned that the evidence should not be used to infer guilt, but solely to evaluate whether there was a common scheme or plan on the part of the defendant, or
II
The defendant next argues that the state did not prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he intentionally caused inconvenience, annoyance or alarm within the meaning of § 53a-181 (a) (5) by exposing himself to the victim. We disagree.
In viewing a claim of insufficient evidence, this court adheres to a clearly established two part analysis. First, the evidence must be construed in the light most favorable to sustaining the verdict and, second, we determine whether upon the facts so construed and the inferences reasonably drawn therefrom the jury reasonably could have concluded that the cumulative force of the evidence established guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. See State v. Cobb, 251 Conn. 285, 385, 743 A.2d 1 (1999). This court cannot substitute its judgment for that of the jury if there was sufficient evidence to support the jury’s verdict. See State v. Booth, 250 Conn. 611, 655, 737 A.2d 404 (1999), cert. denied sub nom. Brown v. Connecticut, 529 U.S. 1060, 120 S. Ct. 1568, 146 L. Ed. 2d 471 (2000). Construing the evidence in the light most favorable to sustaining the verdict, we conclude that there was sufficient evidence to sustain the verdict.
The judgment is affirmed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
General Statutes § 53a-181 (a) provides in relevant part: “A person is guilty of breach of the peace when, with intent to cause inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or recklessly creating a risk thereof, he . . . (5) in a public place, uses abusive or obscene language or makes an obscene gesture . . . .”
The state originally charged the defendant with public indecency in violation of General Statutes § 53a-186 (a) (2). The state subsequently charged the defendant with the additional crime of breach of the peace. As to the charge of public indecency, the jury was unable to render a verdict, and a mistrial was declared as to that charge alone. The state thereafter nolled that charge.