State v. KrupaState v. Krupa
Lead Opinion
{¶ 1} This is a delayed appeal challenging the Belmont County Court of Common Pleas’ imposition of consecutive sentences for two gun specifications on two counts of aggravated assault. Martyn L. Krupa (“Appellant“) maintains that the consecutive sentences imposed are contrary to law. The rеcord reflects that the five-year sentence Appellant received in this case stemmed from a valid negotiated plea agreement. Under R.C.
{¶ 2} On November 2, 2001, the Powhatan Point Police Department dispatched two offiсers to Appellant‘s home to investigate reports of a domestic dispute between Appellant and his wife. When the officers arrived, Appellant intercepted them armed with a shotgun, and fired one round into the police cruiser before they managed to exit the vehicle. The round struck the front of the cruiser under the driver‘s side headlight.
{¶ 3} A grand jury indicted Appellant on two counts of attempted murder under R.C.
{¶ 4} On January 15, 2002, Appellant and the State of Ohio (“Appellee“) reached an agreement where Appellee dismissed the felonious assault charges and reduced the attempted murder counts. Appellant agreed tо withdraw his not guilty plea and entered guilty pleas to two counts of aggravated assault on a peace officer, which under R.C.
{¶ 5} In the apparent hope that, despite his agreement to a five-year sentence, the court would take pity on Appellant and actually sentence to something less than the agreed term, Appellant presented mitigation evidence at his sentencing hearing. At the sentencing hearing witnesses spoke or submitted letters generally attesting to Appellant‘s good character. These witnesses suggested that the actions Appellant took on Nov. 2, 2001 were aberrant, and were primarily caused by extreme alcohol abuse. While Appellant retained little independent memory of the shooting incident or the preceding altercation, he was contrite at the sentencing hearing. As the trial court noted at the close of sentencing, everyone involved with Appellant at that juncture concluded that he suffered from chronic alcohol abuse and required extensive treatment. (Feb. 8, 2002, Sentencing Hearing Tr., pp. 13-15, 17-18).
{¶ 6} The trial court then impоsed concurrent terms of three years each on the aggravated assault of a peace officer counts, stating: “[h]owever, in addition thereto it is ordered that the offender serve a mandatory sentence of two years, that is, one year on each specification, in prison for the viоlations of law contained in the two specifications accompanying his indictment, wherein the offender had a firearm on or about his person or under his control. The mandatory sentences shall be served consecutively with the three-year concurrent sentences for a total of five years in thе penitentiary.” (Feb. 8, 2002, Sentencing Hearing Tr., p. 15). Thus, Appellant received the agreed sentence. An order memorializing that judgment was entered on February 21, 2002.
{¶ 7} On May 21, 2002, Appellant filed a pro se motion requesting leave of this Court to appeal from trial court‘s decision and the appointment of appеllate counsel. In a Journal Entry issued on June 10, 2002, this Court sustained Appellant‘s request to file a delayed appeal and appointed counsel to assist him on appeal. Appellant now alleges the following assignments of error:
{¶ 8} “The Trial Court Committed Plain Error When It Ordered Krupa To Serve His Firarm Specificаtion Sentences Consecutively In Violation Of R.C.
{¶ 9} “Martyn Krupa Was Denied His Constitutional Right To Effective Assistgnace Of Counsel Under The
{¶ 10} As alternative grounds for the same challenge, we will treat these assignments of error as one.
{¶ 11} Appellant contends that R.C.
{¶ 12} A “transaction” is “a series of continuous acts bound together by time, space, and purpose, and directed toward a single objective.” State v. Kehoe (1999), 133 Ohio App.3d 591, 616, 729 N.E.2d 431; quoting, State v. Wills (1994), 69 Ohio St.3d 690, 691, 635 N.E.2d 370. This Court has agreed that multiple gun specifications counts involving the same act or transactiоn should run concurrently. State v. Herring, 7th Dist. No. 00 JE 37, 2002-Ohio-2786. Nevertheless, it is also true that multiple victims often mean that the offender had more than one objective warranting consecutive terms. State v. Gary, 8th Dist. No. 79224, 2002-Ohio-588. Importantly, there were two victims in this case.
{¶ 13} It would be hard to tell what Appellant‘s objective was when he fired a single shotgun shell into the front of the Powhatan officers’ cruiser. Given his inebriated conditiоn, his reasons were obscure, at best. A credible argument could also be made that Appellant did not realize the police cruiser contained two officers when he fired. Given the facts of this case it is hard to imagine that Appellant entertained dual objectives, or any coherent objectivе for that matter, when he undertook this reckless act. It is certainly possible to conclude from the record that the trial court should not have imposed the sentences for the firearm specifications consecutively.
{¶ 14} That said, this appeal must fail because the sentence was imposed pursuant to a negotiated plea agreement where the five year sentence was a joint recommendation of Appellant and the State. R.C.
{¶ 15} We are аlso barred from reviewing this case because the sentence, in its aggregate, does not exceed the statutory maximum and, therefore, does not contravene law. A sentence is authorized by law if the prison term imposed does not exceed the maximum term prescribed by statute. State v. Carter, 10th Dist. No. 02AP-294, 2002-Ohio-6967, ¶ 15; see, also, State v. Rhodes, 7th Dist. No. 2000 CO 60, 2002-Ohio-3056, and cases cited therein. Appellant pleaded guilty to two third-degree felonies and their attendant firearm specifications. Leaving out the question as to whether consecutive sentences could be imposed on the aggravated assault counts, the maximum term for a third degree felony is five years. With the additional one-year consecutive term required for the firearm specification, the trial court could have validly imposed a sentence of six years. Had the prosecution not dismissed the felonious assault charges, Appellant could have received a twelve-year term.
{¶ 16} We also note that the trial court included findings required under R.C. §
{¶ 17} “Court specifically finds that the defendant is an offender who has not previously served time in a penitentiary; however, I reserve my discretion pursuant to
{¶ 18} Under the circumstances, the five-year term that the trial court imposed here, in its aggregate, did not exceed the statutory maximum and was therefore, not contrary to law.
{¶ 19} Since the record further reflects that this sentence was imposed by the sentencing judge pursuant to an agreement between the prosecution and the Appellant, this Court is essentially barred by operation of law from considering the issues Appellant raises herein. Under the circumstances, the appeal is hereby dismissed.
Donofrio, J., concurs.
DeGenaro, J., dissents; see dissenting opinion.
Dissenting Opinion
{¶ 1} The majority dismisses Krupa‘s appeal pursuant to R.C.
{¶ 2} As the majority states, Krupa was initially indiсted on four counts, two of attempted murder and two of felonious assault, and each count contained a firearm specification. Subsequently, Krupa entered into a plea agreement where he agreed to plea guilty to two counts of aggravated assault, each with a firearm specification. His plea agreement stated that no one made any promises to him as part of the agreement except as follows:
{¶ 3} “State will recommend total five years incarceration including gun specification.”
{¶ 4} During Krupa‘s plea hearing, the trial court confirmed that all parties knew and undеrstood the agreement. While doing so, it made the following statement:
{¶ 5} “Just so we‘re certain, the record will reflect that the State will recommend a total of five years’ incarceration, including the gun specification * * *. The record will reflect that this is the agreement of the parties.”
{¶ 6} Finally, prior to Krupa‘s sentencing hearing, he and five acquaintances all wrote to the trial court regarding the leniency the trial court should exercise when sentencing Krupa. Krupa also had two additional witnesses testify on his behalf at his sentencing hearing.
{¶ 7} The disagreement between myself and the majority in this case revolves around what exactly constitutes a sentence which is jointly recommended by the prosecution and the defense for the purposes of R.C.
{¶ 8} But cases have also recognized that a sentence recommendation can be made jointly under different circumstances. For instance, many cаses have called a sentence recommendation a joint recommendation when the prosecutor promises to recommend a particular sentence as a condition of the plea and the defendant accepts the plea. See State v. Schoolcraft, 4th Dist. No. 01CA673, 2002-Ohio-3583; State v. Sumes (Apr. 1, 2002), 5th Dist. No. 2001CA00196; State v. Riley (June 12, 2001), 00CA044; State v. Rogg (Mar. 13, 2001), 4th Dist. No. 00CA07; State v. Ruggles (Sept.11, 2000), 12th Dist. No. CA99-09-027.
{¶ 9} Our previous decision in State v. Rhodes, 7th Dist. No. 2000 CO 60, 2002-Ohio-3056, falls into this second category of cases. In Rhodes, the defendant entered into a plea agreement wherein the State promised to recommend a particular sentence. At the defendant‘s plea hearing which occurred later that day, the defendant waived certain provisions of the plea agreement and requested that the court proceed immediately to sentencing. We found the sentence in his case was jointly recommended.
{¶ 10} What distinguishes all these cases from the case at hand is that in those cases the defendant‘s actions demonstrated that he agreed with the recommendation. There is no indication in any of those cases that the defendant requested a lower sentence at his sentencing hearing or put on evidence which asked for any sort of leniency. In contrast the facts in this case demonstrate that as a practical matter Krupa did not agree to concur in the State‘s sentence recommendation when he agreed to plea guilty to aggravated assault. His plea agreement did not contain a provision stating that he was agreeing to the State‘s sentence recommendation. At his plea hearing, he did not agree to the State‘s sentence recommendation. Instead, he agreed that, as a condition of his plea, the prоsecutor would recommend a sentence. Finally, at his sentencing hearing Krupa introduced numerous letters and witnesses testifying on his behalf. It does not make sense to say that he joined in the State‘s sentencing recommendation.
{¶ 11} This is clearer when one keeps in mind that a plea agreement is contractual in nature and is subject to contract-law standards, but that it should be construed strictly against the government. State v. Namack, 7th Dist. No. 01 BA 46, 2002-Ohio-5187, ¶ 25. In order for a contract to exist, there must be a meeting of the minds as to the essential terms of the agreement. Campanella v. Commerce Exchange Bank (2000), 139 Ohio App.3d 796, 806. “An essential element needed to form a contract is that the parties must have a distinct and common intention which is communicated by each party to the other.” McCarthy, Lebit, Crystal Haiman Co., L.P.A. v. First Union Mgt., Inc. (1993), 87 Ohio App.3d 613, 620. Clearly, Krupa did not understand that he was recommending a sentence when he agreed that the State would recommend a particular sentence in his plea agreement, as he put on a case for a lenient sentence. If he agreed to a five-year sentence, why put on this evidence? Krupa‘s actions demonstrate he did not join in the State‘s recommendation, and I cannot conclude that the plea agreement unambiguously says otherwise.
{¶ 12} When determining whether a sentence is jointly recommеnded, “we cannot infer an agreement — it must be beyond doubt.” Daniels at 4. Inferring a jointly recommended sentence in this case infers an agreement where none existed and it denies Krupa the ability to avail himself of the protections afforded by Ohio‘s felony sentencing laws. Because R.C.