2 Rob. 418 | La. | 1842
The tutrix of Gabriel Fuselier, a minor, who resides and is domiciled in the city and parish of New Orleans, together with the under-tutor, who resides in the parish of St. Martin, unite in a petition, in which they state that the Court of Probates had ordered a family meeting to be held before a notary in this city, and that the said under-tutor had been notified to attend, but that, it being inconvenient for him to attend at so great a distance from his residence, he had petitioned the court to discharge him from his functions, and that the tutrix had united with him in a petition to that court to proceed to the appointment of another under-tutor in his place ; but that the Court of Probates for the parish of New Orleans had refused both to discharge the said under-tutor, and to appoint a successor ; and they pray for a mandamus. Whereupon a rule was taken on the judge to show cause why he should not proceed to discharge the present under-tutor, and to make a new appointment.
Bermudez, Judge of the Court of Probates of the parish of New Orleans, showed cause. The appointment of tutor and under--tutor to the minor, appertains exclusively to the Probate Judge of the parish of St. Martin, within whose jurisdiction the father was
Suivant V article 406 (corresponding to art. 289 of the Civil Code of this State,) c’est le domicile du mineur qui regle la com-pétence du juge de -paix, ainsi le siege du conseil de famille est deplein droit chez le juge de paix du domicile de la tutelle, (the domicil of the deceased father, says art. 944 of the Code of Practice,) a moins que par le droit de son pouvoir discrétionnaire sur ce point il tí ait designé un autre local pour réunir les membres du conseil de famille. Code Nap. art. 413. Civ. Code, art. 308-
No. 74. Lorsque le tuteur legal est décédé dans un endroit éloigné de son véritable domicile, cette circonstance ne change pas le lieu de Vouverture de la tutelle, laquelle des Vinstant de son décés se trouve fixé dans celui de son domicile de droit; ainsi dans ces exemples le juge de paix du domicile des pére et mere, tuteurs de droit de leurs enfans mineurs, est seul competent pour présider le conseil de famille.
No. 78. Lorsque le conseil de famille a été présidé par le juge de paix du domicile du tuteur legal, la compétence se trouve défini-tivement fixée devant le juge de paix; ainsi le domicile du nou-veau tuteur légal, quoique fort éloigné de celui de Vouverture de la tutelle, ne change pas la compétence du juge depaix. Unefois que le conseil de famille a été présidé par un juge de paix com-pétent et légalement constitué, toutes les assemblées de famille pendant la dwrée de la minorité doivent continuer leurs délibéra-tions devant ce juge de paix. II serait contraire aux intéréts des mineurs qu’on put, selon les changemens de tuteurs. porter suc-cessivement la délibération des conseils de famille devant le juge de paix du domicile de chacun des nouveaux tuteurs, Sur ce point
Aux considerations de cet arrét on peut ajouter, que l’ordre de . Vadministration de la tutelle exige que la minute des délibérations du conseil de famille, de tous les actes relatifs á la tutelle, soient dans le ?neme dépót, cfin de se procurer dans un instant tous les renseignemens dont on a besoin sur Vadministration des tuteurs!’’
Toullier, voL 2, No. 1114. Sirey, year 1809, 29tñ Nov. p. 63. Ib. year 1819, 23d March, p. 523. Paillet, notes on art. 407, Code Nap. Duranton, vol. 2, verbo, Conseil de Famille. Dic-“ tionnaire Général et Raisonné de Droit Civil Moderne, verbo, Conseil de Famille, p. 384, No. 4. Delvineourt, vol. 1, p, 110, No, 5. Ib. p. 116, No. 4. Nouveau Ferriére, vol. 1, p. 438, verbo, Conseil de Famille. Journal du Palais, vol. 15, 20 Avril, 1820, p. 993. Ib, vol.'22, 24 N.ovr., 1829, p. 1548. Ib. 1838, vol. 2, 17th May, 1838, p. 436. Bousquet, vol. 1, p. 6, >
Bullab.d, J. The judge shows for cause : That the appointment of the tutrix and under-tutor of the minor, Fuselier, appertains exclusively to the judge of the parish of St. Martin, within whose jurisdiction the father of the minor was born, lived, and died. That both these officers hold their appointment from that judge. That if either the tutrix or under-tutor has any excuse to
These views of our learned brother are developed much at length, and sustained by several authorities from French commentators, and to a certain extent, and within certain limitations, we are satisfied that the weight of authorities would sustain the Court of Probates, if these questions were to arise in France.
In order not to be misunderstood, we wifi premise what is the position of the parties now before us, and what is demanded; and then examine the authorities to see what course ought, in our opinion, to be adopted.
The father and mother of the minor died in the parish of St. Martin, and the grandmother became his legal tutrix. She fixed her domicil in New Orleans, which all the authorities agree became the domicil of the minor. So long as the tutrix continues to act as such, so long her domicil is that of the minor. This is too plain to requre a reference to authorities. If the tutrix were to die, the question would arise, whether the domicil of the minor would continue to be here, or whether it would revert, as it were, to the place of his father’s death. But that is not now the question. Certain steps are to be taken relative to the administration of the minor’s estate, and the question is, which court has jurisdiction, that of the tutrix’s and minor’s domicil, or that of the last domicil of the deceased parents ? The authority of Duranton, to which the judge has referred us, is quite satisfactory on this point. After laying down the general rule, that the convocation of a family meeting is to be made by the judge of the original domicil of the minor, and not of the new domicil of the tutor, which he might charge at discretion, he says : “ L’etre moral appele tutelle aurait ainsi un domicile qui ne varierait pas. Cependant nous croyons que cette decision serait susceptible de modification pour le cas oú ce serait le pére, la mere, ou un autre ascendant, qui aurait change de domicile depuis que la tutelle s’est ouverte en sa personne: dans ce cas, les convocations du conseil de famille pour autorisation et autres óbjets, devraient avoir lieu devant le juge de paios de son domicile actuel, qui est,celui du mineur, autrement ce serait Vóbliger a des déplacemens génans et dispendieux. D'aüleurs il serait tres possible, dans ce cas, que le mineur se trouvat avoir
This authority is conclusive to show that, even in France, the juge de paix of the domicil of the legal tutor, or other ascendant, might act in a case like the present, and that on the decease of the legal tutor, a dative tutor might be appointed at the new domi-cil of the minor thus acquired, and who, says the author, would have no other. The rule may be different in that country where the tutor is dative, and fixes his domicil at a different place from the domicil of the deceased parents ; and we are free to admit that this seems to be the settled opinion in France, according to the numerous authorities furnished us by the judge. Whether the positive enactments of our Code have not established a different rule, it is perhaps not necessary now to decide as to other cases which may arise ; but it must not be overlooked that the judicial organization, and the condition and habits of the people of the two countries, differ materially. In Louisiana there is a court in each parish, whose peculiar duty it is to watch over and protect the minors within its jurisdiction, to provide them with tutors, and to see that they administer faithfully. The positive rule established by the Code is, that the domicil of the minor is that of the tutor. In Louisiana there does not exist the same stability in the population. In France the emigration of families from one department to another in hopes of bettering their condition, are supposed to be rare, compared with the constant changes which are taking place in this country. But wherever such minors may go, in whatever parish they may settle, they find the same paternal guardianship, exercised it is true, by a different magistrate, but governed by the same laws, and standing equally in relation to them, in loco parentis. If the minor has left behind him in the place of his birth most of his relations, he finds, wherever he goes, disinterested friends, capable and willing to advise him and those who administer his estate, and this, too, without the hope, of remote
After an attentive consideration of the subject, and the authorities brought to our notice we reach the same conclusion we did in the case of Annette Fortier, 14 La. 478, that it is the duty of the Court of Probates for the parish and city of New Orleans to proceed and appoint an under-tutor.
Rule made absolute.