OPINION
{1 This matter is before the court on James Johnston's motion to reconsider our denial of his motion for remand under Utah Rule of Appellate Procedure 28B. We believe the denial was well-taken, and it will stand, but as there seems to be widespread confusion about Rule 28B, we take this occasion to explain fully the reasons why the motion was denied.
BACKGROUND
4 2 Johnston was bound over on one count of sodomy, four counts of sexual abuse of a child, and two counts of lewdness. The charges concerned a nine-year-old girl, B.R., and an eight-year-old girl, AK., who spent time at the home of Johnston and his girlfriend, Tansy Black. Gary Pendleton first appeared as counsel for Johnston, but withdrew before trial alleging that "a serious and irreconcilable rift" had developed with his client. New counsel, Thomas Blakely, appeared on behalf of Johnston about three weeks before trial.
*178 13 At trial, the State put on three witnesses, B.R., AK., and the police officer who investigated the charges. In videotaped interviews which were shown at trial, the girls testified that Johnston touched their "private parts," that he chased them around with a massager, and that he had them perform oral sex on him. At trial, the girls testified similarly. However, there was a discrepancy as to when they say the touching occurred. The officer testified that he found a massager in Johnston's home matching the girls' description.
14 At the close of the State's case, it moved to dismiss one of the lewdness charges. Blakely moved for a directed verdict on the other charges arguing, among other things, that there was a discrepancy in the dates on which the offenses allegedly occurred. The prosecutor argued there was no discrepancy, but asked that the Information be amended to conform to the evidence. Blakely objected to this, saying Johnston would be entitled to a mistrial for lack of notice. The court then took the matter under advisement.
15 Blakely called a total of twelve witnesses on Johnston's behalf: 1) Tansy Black, Johnston's live-in girlfriend whom the girls often visited; 2) Dianna Tequida, Tansy's friend; 8) Gwen Black, Tansy's eighteen-year-old sister; 4) "Bonnie" Black, Tansy's thirteen-year-old sister; 5) Lindsey Black, Tansy's fifteen-year-old sister; 6) Randy So-derquist, the DCFS worker who had interviewed BR.; 7) Thomas Wiki, a friend of Johnston's who lived with him for a time; 8) Shannon Nielsen, mother of a friend of B.R.'s; 9) Joy Nielsen, grandmother of a friend of B.R.'s; 10) Douglas Nielsen, Joy's husband, who did carpentry work at Johnston's house; 11) Linnan Daniels, Tansy Black's mother; and 12) Ginger Newland, a friend of Johnston. These witnesses testified that the girls never seemed to be nervous around Johnston, that they spent a lot of time at Johnston's and Tansy's house; that the girls returned to the Johnston house repeatedly; that B.R. was particularly demanding of Tansy and Johnston in asking for ice cream and other things; that Johnston often went to bed early while the others stayed up; that the girls sometimes slept over, but chose where they slept; and some testified that B.R. seemed too casual about the alleged incidents.
T6 In closing argument, Blakely attacked the children's credibility, pointing out discrepancies between the interviews and the girls' testimony. Nonetheless, Johnston was convicted of the remaining charges against him-one count of sodomy, four counts of sexual abuse, and one count of lewdness. Blakely withdrew as counsel after sentencing.
UTAH RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 23B 1
T7 The purpose of Rule 28B is for appellate counsel to put on evidence he or she now has, not to amass evidence that might help prove an ineffectiveness of counsel claim. It allows supplementation of the record, in limited cireumstances, with non-speculative facts not fully appearing in the record that would support the claimed defi-client performance and the resulting prejudice. The rule was adopted to provide a "procedural solution to the dilemma created by an inadequate record of trial counsel's ineffectiveness." State v. Litherland, 2000 ¶ 76, 1 13,
8 There are four basic requirements for obtaining a 23B remand. First, the motion must be supported by affidavits setting forth "facts not fully appearing in the record on appeal that show the claimed deficient performance of the attorney." Utah R.App.P. 283B(b). In other words, the rule is a means to supplement the record with facts now known, even though not previously elicited in the record.
*179 19 A remand is not necessary if the facts underlying the ineffectiveness claim are contained in the existing record. Rule 23B
was clearly not intended to provide for remand in the typical ineffective assistance case where the parties dispute whether trial counsel's actions reflected some strategy, given the facts established by the record. Instead, Rule 28B is directed to cases where some crucial factual information is absent from the record.
State v. Tennyson,
Second, the facts alleged in support of a Rule 23B motion may not be speculative. This requirement is illustrated in State v. Garrett,
Defendant has not alleged any facts that would establish trial counsel's deficient performance or the prejudice suffered by defendant. At best, defendant has simply speculated that trial counsel's failure to object might not have been due to trial strategy. Given the rule's clear emphasis on specific factual allegations, it would be improper to remand a claim under rule 23B for a fishing expedition. Not only would a remand based on speculation be inconsistent with the presumption of sound trial strategy, it would likely open the floodgate of incomplete and fragmented ineffective assistance claims on direct appeal. Because defendant has not alleged any facts in support of his ineffective assistance claim, we do not remand it for an evidentiary hearing.
Id. at 581-82 (citation omitted); see also State v. Litherland,
{11 The requirement that a defendant support a 23B motion with affidavits is not unlike Utah Rule of Civil Procedure 56(e), which requires that affidavits "be made on personal knowledge." CL Utah R.App.P. 23B(a) (stating Rule 23B motion is "only available upon a nonspeculative allegation of facts"). Thus, to obtain a Rule 28B remand, a defendant must not only submit affidavits specifying who the uncalled witnesses are and that they are available to testify at an evidentiary hearing, he must ordinarily submit affidavits from the witnesses detailing their testimony. See Vessey,
1 12 Third, the allegations must show deficient performance. In other words, the non-speculative facts must focus on why counsel's performance was deficient.
{13 Finally, the affidavits supporting the motion must "also allege facts that show the claimed prejudice suffered by the appellant as a result of the claimed deficient performance." Utah R.App.P. 23B(b). These facts must demonstrate prejudice, i.e., that the result would have been different had counsel's performance not been deficient.
14 A 238B motion "shall also be accompanied by a proposed order [of] remand that identifies the ineffectiveness claims and specifies the factual issues relevant to each such *180 claim to be addressed on remand." Utah R.App.P. 28B(b).
£15 The above factors may be distilled into four questions a person seeking a Rule 23B remand must be able to answer in the affirmative:
1. Does the claim turn on facts not already in the record?
2. Are they nonspeculative facts, which can be readily shown, as demonstrated by the affidavits submitted in support of the motion?
3. Do such facts show constitutionally deficient performance?
4. Do such facts show that the deficiency actually prejudiced defendant?
T16 Johnston asserts he meets the requirements for a 23B remand. We disagree.
INTERVIEWING AND INVESTIGATING WITNESSES
T17 Johnston contends that he was prejudiced by his trial counsel's failure to investigate and interview witnesses. However, Rule 28B(b) requires that the motion be accompanied by affidavits. Johnston's previous motion for remand included his own affidavit and one filed by his attorney. In Johnston's affidavit, he states that "[pJrior to trial in this matter, my investigator and I identified a number of witnesses who had exculpatory information for [me]." He identifies four witnesses, but states there may be more. He does not identify the private investigator. Johnston alleges what the four witnesses would have said, but gives no indication that he has met with those witnesses or confirmed their purported testimony. For example, he alleges that Lennan Batemam "was aware of facts and circumstances that would have cast doubt on the victims' stories," that Nancy Spencer, BR's aunt, "would have testified that B.R. was a pathological liar and that she knew that the charges against [Johnston] were fabricated," and that Dennis Jones, a social worker whose involvement in the case was not explained, "would have testified that he had interviewed the victims and the victims' families and that it was his opinion that the charges against [Johnston] are fabricated. He would have further testified that it was his opinion that the victims were lying about the charges." Johnston further indicates that there "is another witness by the name of Poochy that would have similarly testified." His recitation of what these four witnesses would have said is speculative and is largely conclusory, rather than reciting specific facts.
118 Johnston's current motion includes the affidavit of Bill Maggard, the private investigator. Maggard states that he interviewed four witnesses, Joyce Lane, Len-nan Bateman, Nancy Spencer, and Dennis Jones, but offers no specifics about their proposed testimony. He only states that "[elach of these individuals had information that would have been beneficial to [Johnston's] case." The investigator's affidavit does not contain specific facts. More importantly, neither current counsel nor the investigator assert they have interviewed these individuals recently nor have they indicated whether these individuals would be available to testify. Johnston wants a remand based largely upon hearsay and allegations reciting what he hopes certain witnesses will say. This is not the "nonspeculative allegation of facts" required by Rule 23B. (Emphasis added.)
119 Johnston implies that without an evidentiary hearing he cannot show that the proffered testimony of the uncalled witnesses would be admissible or that trial counsel's failure to call certain witnesses was prejudicial, However, Johnston misreads the affidavit requirement of Rule 23B. The rule provides a means to supplement the record with known facts necessary to pursue the ineffectiveness claim on direct appeal. It is not intended as a means to "discover" a factual basis for such a claim. To obtain a Rule 28B remand, Johnston needed to submit affidavits from prospective witnesses detailing their testimony and availability. Instead, he submitted his own affidavit and the affidavit of his private investigator, each of which speculated about what other witnesses might have said. For example, Maggard's affidavit says he "is of the opinion that these witnesses would have been beneficial to Johnston and his counsel's failure to investigate and call said witnesses was severely *181 prejudicial to Johnston." He gave no specifics about the prospective witnesses and none of them filed an affidavit. Johnston's affidavit is likewise speculative. For instance, he says that Dennis Jones, "a social worker, would have testified that he had interviewed the victims and the victims' families and that it was his opinion that the charges against [Johnston] were fabricated. He would have further testified that it was his opinion that the victims were lying about the charges." Johnston does not indicate how he knows what Jones would say and does not include -an affidavit from Jones. Moreover, Jones's proposed testimony was likely cumulative. As stated above, Blakely introduced several witnesses whose testimony challenged the victims' veracity.
120 Johnston relies heavily on State v. Templin,
COUNSELS' ACTIONS AND ALLEGED OMISSIONS
121 Johnston takes issue with the performance of his pre-trial attorney, Gary Pendleton, as well as that of his trial attorney, Thomas Blakely. His primary focus is on Pendleton, whom he asserts did not return phone calls, did not investigate, and did not conduct discovery. He attributes this to Pendleton's drug problems and contends Pendleton withdrew as counsel "presumably" as a result of these problems. Johnston also maintains that Pendleton was distracted by the criminal charges pending against him. *182 However, as we concluded before, Johnston fails to show how Pendleton's acts or omissions prejudiced him. Pendleton withdrew before trial, and the trial was postponed as a result. From all that appears, any prejudice was alleviated by continuing the trial to give new counsel time to prepare, and a remand is not merited.
$22 On February 24, 1999, Blakely entered his appearance and on March 17, 1999, trial was held. Johnston argues Blakely was distracted by charges against him and did not adequately prepare for trial We reject these arguments because Johnston has failed to show he was prejudiced. Blakely did plead guilty to gross lewdness charges ten days before Johnston's trial, but Johnston does not specifically allege how this impacted Blakely's performance in Johnston's case. Moreover, the case upon which Johnston relies, Mannhalt v. Reed,
CONCLUSION
123 A Rule 28B motion for remand is a specialized motion, available only in limited circumstances, to supplement the record with known facts needed for an appellant to assert an ineffectiveness of counsel claim on direct appeal. If the facts already appearing in the record are sufficient to make the claim, a remand is not needed. If defendant merely hopes to discover evidence suggesting ineffectiveness, a remand is not allowed. The purpose of the rule is not to hold a "mini-trial" on ineffectiveness of counsel.
1 24 The facts Johnston alleges are either speculative or appear on the record. Accordingly, his motion to reconsider our denial of his motion for 23B remand is denied.
Notes
. According to Rule 23B(a),
A party to an appeal in a criminal case may move the court to remand the case to the trial court for entry of findings of fact, necessary for the appellate court's determination of a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. The motion shall be available only upon a nonspecula-tive allegation of facts, not fully appearing in the record on appeal, which, if true, could support a determination that counsel was ineffective.
Utah R.App.P. 23B(a)
. In State v. Tennyson,