| N.J. | May 22, 1941
Sophie Sonstein was killed August 3d 1940, in a bath house in Atlantic City, by reason of the collapse of part of the building because of improper design and construction in violation of the building code of that city duly adopted. The building was erected pursuant to plans drawn prior to February 3d 1927, by the prosecutor, Bertram Ireland, *445 an architect, who now stands indicted for manslaughter due to negligence and for creating a public nuisance by building an unsafe structure contrary to the code. He seeks to have us quash the indictment solely because of the two-year statute of limitation. N.J.S.A. 2:183-2. No act, other than the collapse of the building causing the death, is alleged subsequent to February 3d 1927.
An architect, through neglect or violation of a building code by the preparation of defective plans for a building, which collapses due to his fault, is subject to indictment for manslaughter where an occupant has been killed through his neglect. United States v. Geare, 293 Fed. Rep. 997;People v. Gaydica, 203 N.Y. Supp. 243. A building likely to fall and injure persons because of inherent weakness is a nuisance. Pennsylvania Railroad Co. v. Kelley,
Courts do not look with favor on prosecutions that have been long delayed. Wharton's Criminal Pleading Practice, § 316. But, in the instant case, the indictment was promptly found since the nuisance continued till there was an injury.
"Continuous offenses (such as nuisances, carrying of concealed weapons, use of false weights, c.) endure after the period of concoctions and as long as the offense by the defendant's action or permission continues to exist." Wharton, Id., § 321; 22C.J.S. 357, § 227.
That nuisances such as obstructions of highways are continuing offenses has been held in Buckalew v. State,
A public nuisance occurs when there is inconvenience and annoyance to the public by reason of any act or neglect. State
v. Rodgers,
The preparation of defective plans was the offense creating a public nuisance, and that nuisance continued till the collapse *446
occurred. That one who creates a public nuisance is liable civilly till the nuisance be abated seems clear. Fredericks v.Town of Dover,
Likewise in an indictment for conspiracy under a statute, which makes an overt act necessary to complete the offense, it is enough if there is an overt act within two years even though the conspiracy was formed long before. United States v. Kissel,
So also desertion in this state is a continuous crime. State
v. Garris,
A public nuisance is a wrong which continues until it is abated. The indictment, in short, alleges that the prosecutor in creating a defective building to which the public would be invited created a continuing offense for which he could be held at the bar of a criminal court when a death resulted.
The indictment does not offend the two-year statute of limitation. The writ will be dismissed, with costs.