48 Mo. 93 | Mo. | 1871
delivered the opinion of the court.
The indictment charges that in a certain action, 'etc., giving the court and parties, “ certain issues were therein joined in said court between said parties, and said issues came on to be tried, * * * and that, upon said trial, the said Philip Holden was duly sworn as a witness by the clerk of said court (said clerk then and there having competent authority to administer said oath), to speak the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth in the said cause, touching the matters then and there in issue on said trial; that thereupon the said Holden did swear and testify in substance as follows: [giving the testimony] ; that said evidence was material to the issues at said trial,” etc. Then follow other proper averments, but none other are made in relation to the materiality of the testimony, and no facts are stated showing such materiality. The indictment was quashed, and the State appeals.'
The indictment is radically defective. There is no general allegation that it became material to establish certain facts, or that certain material questions arose upon the trial; nor is the suit or its issues sufficiently described to enable us to judge of the- character of the testimony. Its materiality must appear from facts set forth in the pleading, and it is not sufficient simply to say that it was material. If the pleader had stated what question arose, or what was necessary to be proved upon the trial of the case, the court would be enabled to see whether the testimony alleged to have been falsely given was material or not.
Our statute dispenses with certain formalities in criminal pleading, but not with substance, and every indictment must contain sufficient allégations to show upon its face that an offense has been committed; and in charging perjury it is essential to show that the oath was taken in a material matter. Unless the necessary preliminary averments are made by way of inducement, assignment of perjury is unintelligible; and it is not sufficient to say, after setting forth the testimony alleged to be false, “ that this evidence was material to the issues, ” without advising the court what those issues were, or what questions arose under them, that it might be seen whether the testimony was material or not.
None of the authorities cited by counsel justify, this form of indictment, and no precedent can' be found that gives it any countenance. The pleader has confounded the sufficiency of a general allegation of the materiality of the questions raised by the issues concerning which the perjury is charged, with that of a simple statement that the testimony charged as false was material. He may have been misled by a rather loose remark in 2 Whart. Crim. Law, § 2263, 5th ed., that “it is sufficient to charge
Judgment affirmed.