State v. HobsonState v. Hobson
- Reporters:
- ,
- Before:
- McCormick
Defendant appeals his conviction by jury and sentence for theft in the third degree in violation of § 714.2(3), The Code. He challenges various trial court proceedings and also attacks the sufficiency of the evidence. We affirm thе trial court.
The charge arose out of the alleged theft of aluminum truck bed stakes from a grain company’s semi-trailer truck parked at the Cordes Tire Service in Iowa Falls in the early morning of June 23, 1978.
The questions raised by defendant concern the authority of an assistant attorney general to sign the trial information, the excuse of fourteen members of the venire during the impanelling of the jury, the participation of the county attorney in the prosecution, аnd the sufficiency of the evidence for submission of the case to the jury.
First, his motion to dismiss the information on this basis was filed too late. Dеfenses and objections based on defects in the information must be raised before trial.
Second, the objection was also expressly wаived. Defense counsel orally notified the trial court the motion was withdrawn before obtaining a ruling on it.
Moreover, the objection is subject to waiver because failure to have an authorized person sign and file the trial information does not affect subject-matter jurisdiction. See State v. Fortunski, 200 Iowa 406, 204 N.W. 401 (1925).
We do not intimate any view on the merits of the motion. On that issue, see
State v. Brandt,
253 N.W.2d 253, 262 (Iowa 1977);
State v. Blyth,
226 N.W.2d 250, 258-60 (Iowa 1975); §§ 13.2(2), 801.4(8), The Code 1979;
II. Impanelling the Jury. The parties agreed to select a trial jury from a panel of twenty-seven jurors. Each side was to strike seven nаmes, leaving a jury of twelve with one alternate.
This procedure was followed, but defendant contends the trial court erred in excusing fourteen members of the venire for inadequate reasons. Six persons were excused after being called for the panel because of employment hardship, and the other eight persons were let go from the venire before the panel was refilled because they had been excused for the month of Seрtember 1978 by another judge and the court believed the trial might last into September.
Defendant contends the trial court erred in excusing the jurors and he was prejudiced because he was thereby deprived of a jury selected from a cross section of the community. We find no merit in either contention.
No record was made of the bases for individual excuses, so we have no means of assessing the strength of the showings made. Under Code § 607.3, made applicable to criminal trials by
We hold that no abuse of discretion in excusing jurors has been shown. See State v. Critelli, 237 Iowa 1271, 1281, 24 N.W.2d 113, 118 (1946). In so holding, we are mindful that persons should not be excused from their public responsibility of jury service for mere inconvenience, distaste for service, or evеn the threat of some loss of income. Watson v. Charlton, 243 Iowa 80, 93-94, 50 N.W.2d 605, 612-13 (1952). However, this principle was not violated in the present case.
In any event, no prejudice was demonstrated. A defendant is denied his right to a fair and impartial jury if systematic and intentional еxclusion of an identifiable eligible group prevents the jury from being representative of the community.
State v. Knutson,
220 N.W.2d 575, 577 (Iowa 1974). A jury may represent a fair cross section of the community even when certain classes of persons are exempted from service.
State v. Brewer,
247 N.W.2d 205, 209-10 (Iowa 1976). In the present case, defendant wholly failed to show either
Thus we find neither error nor prejudice.
III. The county attorney’s participation. This сase was prosecuted by an assistant attorney general and the Hardin County attorney, Gordon Greta. An assistant county attorney, Jon Heitland, disqualified himself because he represented the defendant in an unrelated civil casе at the time the charge was filed. Heitland withdrew from the civil case before this case was tried.
Defendant now alleges he was denied a fair trial because of the failure of county attorney Greta to disqualify himself as well. This allegation was not made in the trial court and cannot be made for the first time here. By failing to object to Greta’s participation in the trial, defendant waived his right to complain about it. We do not reach the merits of his present сlaim.
IV. Sufficiency of the evidence. Defendant contends the trial court erred in overruling his motion for directed verdict at the close of the evidence based on the insufficiency of the State’s evidence to permit the jury to find the stakes had actually beеn stolen. He also contends the court erred in failing to given an instruction which he requested on this subject.
The evidence included testimony concerning admissions by defendant which would permit the jury to infer he stole the stakes. Defendant was discovered at the scene of the alleged theft by officers Olmstead and Stoner of the Iowa Falls police department at approximately 3:00 a. m. on the date involved. They observed him standing beside a flatbed trailer parked on the Cordes Tire Service premises. They asked him what he was doing there, and he said he was looking at tires. The officers saw aluminum stakes standing upright around part of the flatbed of the truck. The testimony of Olmstead included the following:
Q. Anything further, then? A. I then asked Maurice if he had any idea what those stakes — those upright stakes, which appeared to be fairly new, would cost. I also inquired as to what the stakes and the side boards would be used for in a flatbed trailer, and Maurice advised me that they would be used for hauling grain, primarily.
Q. Was he able to give you an estimate to the value? A. Yes, sir.
Q. What did he say? A. Approximately $25.
Q. A piece? A. Yes.
Q. All right. What else was said? A. He was standing there, then, and he made the statement that if we leave for a while, he would put back everything that he had taken.
Q. Had you, previous to that time, accused him of taking anything? A. No, sir.
Q. What, if anything, did you reply? A. I replied what he was talking about, I didn’t have any idea what he was talking about.
Q. Go on; what’s the rest of the conversation? A. Then he replied that he couldn’t bullshit us guys, that he had taken some stuff. Again, I asked him what he was talking about, and he told me that he had taken some stakes off of the truck.
Q. Was there any more conversation? A. He made the statement that he felt bad because it was us that caught — that had observed him; money was hard; he didn’t have the money to buy these stakes, and he needed them.
Stoner testified to the same conversation as follows:
Q. All right, then, go on and relate the conversation. A. The talk turned to his trailer a little bit. He said he was going to haul grain in his trailer. He sаid he could probably haul grain from the Co-op down in Eldora. He said something about he couldn’t haul steel on it because — I’m not completely familiar with a trailer. He said some of the rods underneath it were rusting and it couldn’t be used to hаul steel, so he was going to make a grain trailer out of it. Sergeant Olmstead then was shining his flashlight — not his flashlight; the spotlight of the patrol car — on the trailer in front of us, which Maurice had been standing by. And I believe Sergeant Olmstead asked him what that would bе used for, and Maurice said it was being boarded in to make a grain trailer out of it, to haul grain. Sergeant Olmstead made the statement as to the stakes on the trailer look new and wondered what they’d cost, and Maurice said that they cost about $25 a piece.
Q. Any further conversation? A. The conversation dropped off right then for a little bit. The next thing Maurice said, he says, “I’ll make a deal with you guys. You leave for a while, and I’ll put back everything I took.” And Gary said, “You what?” And hе said, “Hey, I can’t bullshit you guys. I’ve got some stuff.” And Gary again said, “You what?” He said, “You know what I’m talking about.” He says, “I’ve got some of those stakes.”
Defendant was a Hardin County deputy sheriff, and this factor induced the officers to accede to his requеst that they leave so he could put the stakes back. They testified he told them he would lay the stakes on the flatbed rather than reinsert them because putting them back in the brackets would be too noisy. The officers left but returned to the scene approximately twenty minutes later. Defendant had departed. The officers testified that when they returned stakes were lying on the flatbed which had not been there on the prior occasion.
In attacking the sufficiency of evidence for jury consideration defendant asserts it was necessary for the State to show how many stakes were on the truck before the alleged theft. He also argues the State had no evidence other than his alleged admissions to prove any stakes were stolen. We do not agree. The alleged admissions were direct evidence of the theft, and the sufficiency of corroborative evidence was correctly submitted for the jury to dеcide.
Under
Assuming, without deciding, that defendant’s admissions amounted to a confession, we believe the new rule was satisfied in the present case. The existence of corroborative evidence is an issue for the court, and its sufficiency is ordinarily for the jury. See State v. Vesey, 241 N.W.2d 888, 890 (Iowa 1976). The evidence that stakes appeared on the flatbed between the two visits of the officers to the scene is corroborative of defendant’s statements that he took the stakes but would return them if givеn a chance to do so. Further, this evidence tended to show defendant committed the offense. Thus the trial court correctly held that defendant’s alleged admissions were accompanied by other proof of his guilt. The cоurt was right in finding the evidence as a whole was sufficient for jury consideration and in letting the jury determine the sufficiency of the corroborative evidence.
Defendant contends the trial court erred in refusing to give his requested instruction that the corpus delicti of the crime could not be established by his confession. However, the correct concept is that a confession will not warrant a conviction unless accompanied by other proof that the dеfendant committed the offense, and the jury was informed of this principle by the court’s instructions. Defendant’s requested instruction was at best incomplete. To the extent it was accurate, its substance was adequately covered by the instructions which were given.
AFFIRMED.