Tbe defendant, J. A. Hill, was convicted in tbe district court of Salt Lake County of murder in tbe first degree, alleged to bave been committed at Midvale, in said county, on tbe 7th day of August, 1912. Tbe court, on tbe recommendation of tbe jury, sentenced tbe defendant to life imprisonment at bard labor. To reverse tbe judgment, defendant prosecutes tbis appeal. •
Tbe evidence shows that on tbe evening of August 7, 1912, between tbe hours of nine-thirty and ten o’clock p. m., two men wearing masks entered tbe Vienna, saloon in Midvale, and, pointing loaded revolvers at four persons in tbe saloon, ordered them to bold up their bands. Tbe four persons were Frank Colclough, tbe night marshal of Midvale, and three Austrians, namely, Paul Sherrieh, who was tending bar, Mike Lamich, and Mike Kavachivich. Tbe two' robbers, on discovering tbe night marshall in tbe saloon, commenced shooting. Colclough, tbe marshal, was shot and almost instantly killed. Shots were also fired by Paul Sherrieh, tbe bartender; Charles Gammett, one of tbe robbers also was shot and mortally wounded. He died some two days later. Tbe other robber ran out of tbe front door of tbe saloon and escaped.
Tbe important question presented by tbe appeal, and tbe only one we deem necessary to consider, is: Does tbe evi-
The theory upon which the case was presented and tried •on the part of the State is that the defendant, Charles Gam-mett, and one Jack Callaghan participated in the killing of 'Colclongh; defendant and Gammett taking part in the shooting, and Callaghan acting as a guard or “lookout” on the out•side. The evidence shows that the defendant, Callaghan, and Gammett were, for several years next preceding the crime, ¡acquainted with each other, and had on different occasions associated together as miners working in different mines, •and were on more than ordinarily friendly terms. As such they were together in Butte, Mont., at Bingham, Utah, and in Salt Lake City. There is evidence tending to show that they were together at Midvale in the afternoon of the day on which the crime was committed. The defendant introduced •evidence tending to show that he was not in Midvale, or in the vicinity therof, on that day. He testified that he never was there, except on one occasion when he passed through the town on a train. We think it is sufficient to here state, with•out setting forth in detail the facts, that there is ample evidence to support a finding by the jury that defendant was at Midvale, and there was some evidence that he was in and ■about the Vienna saloon in the forenoon and in the afternoon <of the day on which the homicide occurred. The evidence also shows that defendant, a few days after the homicide, went to work in Snake Creek tunnel, in Wasatch County, and ■continued to work there under the name of Wilder until he was arrested for the crime charged September 6, 1912. The changing of his name undoubtedly was a suspicious circumstance of more or less weight, but was not, within itself, sufficient to connect the defendant with the commission of the crime. The defendant testified that he went to work under ■an assumed name because two friends of his, Harry Walker and a man known as “Hardrock” Johnson, met him a short rtime before he applied for work and stated to him: “You
Noyal W. Stokes, city marshal of Midvale, was called as a witness by the State, and, on cross-examination, testified that he was notified of the homicide and came to the saloon a few minutes after the shooting occurred; that Gammett was in great pain, having been “shot over the eyebrow, in the wrist, and in the leg.” He further testified, without objection, that he inquired of Gammett the name of his confederate, and he replied that “it was a fellow I met in Salt Lake,” and that he did not know his name. “I said, ‘What’s your partner’s name ? he is killed,’ and he said, ‘It serves the-right, he ought not to have gone into a Dago joint,’ and also thaf he did not know his name; that he met him in Salt Lake. I asked him what his companion’s name was, and he said, ‘didn’t you ask him,’ and I said ‘No; he is killed.’ ”
The undisputed facts show that the defendant is of light complexion, about five feet nine or ten inches in height, has blue eyes, a short and somewhat thick or chubby nose, and at the time of the homicide weighed from 153 to 158 pounds.
We now come to the proceedings by which the State sought to identify the defendant as the robber who entered the saloon with Gammett and participated in the killing of Colclough. The robber who made his escape was seen by Sherrich, Lamich, and Kavachivich, the three Austrians who were in the saloon, one of whom, Sherrich, took part in the shooting. Two other men, George E. Carlston and John Eedman, who claimed to have been in the street near the
Lamieh testified, in part, as follows:
“Q. How did the height of the man that got away with the blue handkerchief on his face compare with the height of this defendant, Mr. Hill ? A. I don’t know whether it is him or not, but the height compares just about like Mr. Hill. 'Q. Was the man who got away about the same size as Mr. Hill ? A. He might have been a little bit larger or smaller, I did not look. ... I was so scared I did not know where I was standing.”
Kavachivieh testified:
“I am six feet three inches tall; weigh 19.4 pounds. The man who got away was tall, but I can’t say whether he was as tall as I am or not. Q. Do you think he would weigh as much as you weigh ? A. I don’t know how much he would weigh.”
Sherrieh testified, in part, as follows:
“Had you ever seen Gammett before you saw him when he was shot. A. Yes. ... I saw him that same day between ten and eleven o’clock in the forenoon. Q. Who, if ■any one, was with him ? A. There were only two together. 'Q. Who was the other one? A. Well, I can’t tell. Q. ' You say you can’t tell ? A. Yes. . . . Q. Who was the other man that was with Gammett when you saw them in the morning, if you know? A. I saw Gammett, and I guess this fellow (referring to the defendant). Q. Now, tell the .jury why you think it was the defendant that you saw with Gammett ? A. That is my best, he was the same high and the same heavy. Q. Did you see the defendant’s face that morning? A. No; I did not see him very well.” Cross-examination : “Q. You did not see that man’s face that morning? A. Not quite.” Direct examination: “Q. Had you ever seen the defendant before that time? A.
The record shows that defendant was sometimes known as Murphy. The witness, after referring to what he did and observed just prior to and at the time of the homicide, further testified that Gammett and his companion entered the saloon by the front door when one of them said, “Hands up;” that he thought “it was just for fun;” that, when the robbers commenced shooting, he shot, firing three shots, hitting and mortally wounding Gammett. ITe further testified:
“Q. How close did you get to the companion of Gammett ? A. Oh, about ten or twelve feet. ... I can’t see him; he was behind. How close did you get to Gammett while the shooting was going on? A. About ten feet. I don’t think it was that far. Q. How close did you get to the other fellow ? A. I did not see the other one. I turned my back to him. . . . Q. Who was that man ? A. I don’t know. Q. What is your best judgment as to who he’was ? A. I think it is the one sitting there. Q. Why do you think so ? A. By the size and by the body of his.”
On cross-examination, the witness admitted that he testified at the preliminary hearing as’follows:
“Q. Both men had similar overalls on? A. (As given by interpreter) He says he did not see the other one at all, and he cannot tell whether he had the same kind or not. . . . Q. According to your best judgment, what would the escaped holdup weigh ? A. . . . 190 or 200 pounds. Q. Was he thin? A. He said he was something like Gam--mett. Q. How tall are you ? ' A. Five feet eleven. Q. How did their size compare with yours? A. Bigger. Q. Taller? A. Taller, yes. Q. Very much taller? A. Nor very much. Q. Did you stand up by the side of one of these fellows? A. He says he was right on him — had the gun in his breast. Q. Did he appear to be taller than you ? A. He said yes. Q. And which one was that? A. The one that escaped. Q. (Question repeated.) What would the escaped holdup weigh ? A. He said around 190 or 200
John Redman, a resident of Midvale, was called as a witness by defendant, and testified that on the night of the homicide, as he was walking along the sidewalk near the Vienna saloon, he heard a shot and ran to an open side door of the saloon, looked in, and saw a man fall; that he immediately ran from the saloon to notify an officer, and, as he came away, he saw a man in a “crouched and bended over” position come out of the front door of the saloon to the sidewalk, straighten up, and run across the street; that, as the man came out of the saloon, several shots were fired in quick succession. “Q. What is your best judgment as to the size and weight of that man? A.180 to 190 pounds. Q. You have stated that you saw Mr. Gammett then ? A. Yes, sir, ... I could see that he was a very large man. Q. How did the man who ran out of the place compare in height with Mr. Gammett ? A. . . . Pretty near the same size.” Cross-examination: “Q. You think that man was quite a tall man ? A. Yes, sir, I do. Q. You judge he would be a man five feet eleven, or six feet. A. He looked a big man to me.”
George R. Carlston, a witness for defendant, testified that on the evening of August 7, 1912, at about nine o’clock, he was in Midvale, walking on the street opposite the Vienna saloon; that he heard several shots fired in one of the saloons'; that he ran across the street to the curb of the sidewalk in front of the Vienna saloon; that he saw a man come out of the saloon “in a crouching position . . . with a gun in his hand,” straighten up, and run down the street; that at the time he came out “the handkerchief had dropped from his face. Q. Did you see his face at that time? A. Yes, sir. Q. Do you know what complexion he was ? A. I take it that he was a dark-complexioned man. Q. Do you know
The undisputed evidence shows that Gammett, the robber who was mortally wounded, was about six feet two inches in •height.
The foregoing is substantially all of the evidence bearing apon the question of identity of the defendant.
The defendant, at the close of the state’s case in chief, moved the court for a directed verdict in his favor on the ground that the evidence wholly failed to connect him with the commission of the crime charged. When the evidence was all in and both sides had rested, defendant again asked for a peremptory instruction directing a verdict in his favor. The refusal of the court to direct a verdict as requested is •assigned as error. This involves the sufficiency of the evidence to justify the verdict rendered.
• When the state rested the only evidence identifying the defendant as the robber who escaped was that given by the ■three Austrians. Neither of them saw his face. As we have -stated, Mike Lamich, one of the Austrians, in describing the robber, said: “I don’t know whether it was him (defendant) or not, but the height compares just about like Mr. Hill.” When asked about the size of the man, he said: “He might have been a little bit larger or smaller (than Mr. Hill). I did not look. ... I was so scared I did not know where I was standing.” This evidence does not in the remotest degree tend to identify the defendant as the robber. Kava-