State v. HahnState v. Hahn
- Reporters:
- Before:
- Manning
*171The opinion of the Court was delivered by
Manning, J.The defendant was prosecuted on an information containing two counts: 1st, for forgery; 2d, for publishing as true a forged оrder for the payment of money, and upon conviction on the second count was sentenced to imprisоnment at hard labor for five years. He has appealed, and relies upon eight bills of exception for reversal.
The instrument charged to have been forged or published is as follows :
No. 302. New Orleans, .February 18, 1885.
Germania National Bank — Pay to the оrder of F. Haim, twenty-five dollars.
$25 00. J. L. MULLER.
Endorsed — F. Hahn.
1st. The prosecutor offered in evidence an affidavit signed by the prisoner and madе by him in forma pauperis in the earlier stage of the proceedings, in order to show that the signer of the affidavit was also the signer of thе forged cheque. He also offered in evidence another cheque on the same bank, payable to bearer, and signed Rudolp Schaad, upon which the prisoner had obtained money from one Williams.
The affidavit was objected to because.it “was a part of the record of the court and required no proof,” and thе Schaad check was objected to as “irrelevant, immaterial and inadmissible.”
As the prisoner was acquitted of the charge of forgery, and the evidence offered had for its object to sustain that charge, the objections need not be consideied,
2d. Experts in handwriting were examined to prove that the blanks of the Muller and Schaаd cheques for date, amount, etc., were filled by the same person who wrote the signature to the affidavit in forma pauperis, and thе same objection of irrelevancy, etc., was made, and the same disposition is made of it as of the first bill. The conviction is not of forgery. .
3d and 4th. Portions of the City Directory were offered to show that no such person as J. L. Muller is mеntioned therein, and was objected to on the ground of irrelevancy, and further because Muller liad not been rеpresented to be a resident of New Orleans. Two detectives were also offered to prove that thеy could not find that Muller was or had been here.
The prosecutor’s belief was that Muller was a fictitious person. The cashier of the Germania Bank testified that no person of that name kept an account there. This was prima facie proof that Muller was not *172a real person until tlie prisoner should produce him or give other proof of his existence. 3 Greenleaf Ev. § 111. Thе court, in permitting the introduction of the Directory, warned the jury that it could show no more than that Muller’s name was not in it; and Greenleaf says where inquiries are to be made in regard to the residence or existence of any supрosed party to a forged instrument, it is proper and usual to call the police officers, penny postman, or other persons well acquainted with the place and its inhabitants, but if inquiries have been made in the place by a stranger, his testimony as to the fact and its results is admissible to the jury though it may not be satisfactory proof of the non-existence of the person in question. Ibid, § 109.
We do not perceive the importance of establishing that Muller was a fictitious instead of a real person, since, if the former, the offense is complete when the instrument has the appearance of validity on its face. 3 Greenl Ev. §§ 103, 109; 1 Whart. Cr. Law, § 660; 2 Bishop Cr. Law, § 543. But we are reviewing the bills as we find them.
5th. This bill is to the charge of the judge and is that the court erred in not charging the jury, when requested by the defendant, that there was no rеsemblance or imitation of the handwriting of J. L. Muller proved by the prosecution, and without some proof of that fаct there was no forgery.
The trial judge is expressly prohibited from giving the jury any opinion as to what facts have beеn proved or disproved, and he was but mindful of this prohibition in withholding such charge.
6th. Another objection to the charge is that the court erred in failing to charge the jury that there must be some evidence which should show ■chat the cheque рurporting to have beeu signed by Muller had been so altered, made or forged by the defendant as to deceivе by its resemblance, that there was no such evidence and therefore no forgery.
Again we observe the cоurt could not say anything about the facts or the proof of them, but the legal principle asked to be charged is not correct. Where the forgery is of a fictitious name, there can be no similitude because there is no original, and therefore the rule of similitude cannot obtain where the forged instrument is of that kind. 2 Bish. Cr. Law, § 593.
7th. It is complained that the court erred in not charging the jury that the only evidence of forgery, if any, is the evidence of the experts, and by thаt evidence either the defendant forged the cheque or no one did, and should they find that the defendant did not forge it they must find a veidict for the defendant on both counts.
*173The simple answer to this is, that to constitute the offense of uttering a forged instrument it is not necessary to prove that the defendant had forged it. 1 Whart. Cr. Law, § 712.
8th. This bill merely recites that the court denied the prisoner’s motion for a new trial based on the usual allegation that the verdict was contrary to thе law and the evidence.
It is beyond our province to say whether the evidence was sufficient to justify a conviсtion. The trial judge refused to disturb the verdict, and we find no errors of law in his rulings. The contention that the uttering of a forged instrument is nо offense unless some fraud has been actually perpetrated by it, which in an earlier edition of Dr. Wharton’s book was said to be the case of instruments, the forgery of which is only a forgery at common law, has been silenced by the withdrawal of that dictum in a later edition, where it is said that principle seems no longer to be the law, the intent to defraud being sufficient, and this intent may be inferentially proved. 1 Whart. Cr. Law, § 705, 8th ed.
Judgment affirmed.