158 Wash. 2d 369 | Wash. | 2006
¶1
This court is asked to determine if a defendant who pleads guilty pursuant to a plea bargain and who stipulates to “real facts” for sentencing purposes may successfully pursue a Blakely
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2 On December 16, 2002, Hagar was charged with 4 counts of theft in the second degree and 20 counts of theft in the first degree due to his participation in an embezzlement scheme involving limited real estate transactions with Block 60 Associates, San Telmo Associates, and the HagarObert Partnership. The charges were amended when Hagar agreed to plead guilty to three counts of first degree theft, with each count carrying a standard range of three to nine months and a statutory maximum of 10 years. Hagar
¶3 Hagar first challenged the constitutionality of the exceptional sentence statutes as facially invalid. The appellate court properly rejected this argument in light of its own ruling in State v. Harris, 123 Wn. App. 906, 912, 99 P.3d 902 (2004), overruled on other grounds by State v. Hughes, 154 Wn.2d 118, 110 P.3d 192 (2005). Hagar next argued his exceptional sentence was illegal because the underlying facts used to support it were found by a judge, not a jury, and Hagar’s stipulations could not be considered a valid waiver of his Sixth Amendment rights to have a jury determine those facts beyond a reasonable doubt. The court also rejected this argument, reasoning that even if there were no valid waiver of his Sixth Amendment rights, Hagar had failed to show his plea agreement was divisible. Because the stipulations were an integral part of the plea
ANALYSIS
¶4 Any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum, besides the fact of a prior conviction, must be submitted to a jury and proved beyond a reasonable doubt. Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 476, 120 S. Ct. 2348, 147 L. Ed. 2d 435 (2000). Hagar entered into his plea agreement with the understanding that Washington’s sentencing scheme permits a trial judge to engage in fact finding, and if the judge finds substantial and compelling reasons, he or she may impose an exceptional sentence beyond the standard range, but not exceeding the maximum allowed by the statute.
¶5 In Blakely, the United States Supreme Court clarified its holding in Apprendi, stating “the ‘statutory maximum’ for Apprendi purposes is the maximum sentence a judge may impose solely on the basis of the facts reflected in the jury verdict or admitted by the defendant.” Blakely, 542 U.S. at 303.
¶6 We have determined Blakely applies only to convictions or direct appeals that were not final at the time it was announced, and Blakely cannot be applied retroactively on collateral review. State v. Evans, 154 Wn.2d 438, 449, 457, 114 P.3d 627 (2005). In addition, this court rejected the argument that the exceptional sentencing procedures are
¶7 The Court of Appeals affirmed Hagar’s sentence, finding his stipulation to the real facts was an integral part of the plea agreement and was not shown to be divisible. However, whether the stipulation is divisible is irrelevant here because Hagar need not challenge his stipulation in order to establish that a Blakely violation occurred. State v. Suleiman, 158 Wn.2d 280, 143 P.3d 795 (2006). Even assuming Hagar’s stipulation is valid, the trial court still engaged in improper Blakely fact finding when it found the crimes constituted a “major economic offense.”
¶8 Hagar stipulated certain facts but did not stipulate that the crimes constituted a “major economic offense.” The trial court imposed an exceptional sentence of 30 months, well outside the standard range of 3 to 9 months, based on its finding that Hagar had committed a major economic offense. Hagar’s sentence is in violation of Blakely because the exceptional sentence was predicated on an unstipulated fact that was not found by a jury beyond a reasonable doubt.
CONCLUSION
¶9 Under Hughes and Suleiman, exceptional sentences violate Blakely when they are based on facts not stipulated to by the defendant or found by a jury beyond a reasonable doubt. We reverse Hagar’s exceptional sentence and remand for resentencing within the standard range.
Alexander, C.J., and Madsen, Sanders, Bridge, Chambers, Owens, Fairhurst, and J.M. Johnson, JJ., concur.
Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296, 124 S. Ct. 2531, 159 L. Ed. 2d 403 (2004).
We acknowledge the United States Supreme Court opinion in Washington v. Recuenco, _U.S. _, 126 S. Ct. 2546, 165 L. Ed. 2d 466 (2006) but need not, in this case, address any claim of harmless error, as it has not been raised or argued to us.