State v. Goodrich
176 P. 813
N.M.
1918
Check Treatment

OPINION OP THE COURT.

PARKER, J.

Thе appellant, Thomas A. Goodrich, was convicted of the crime of assault with a deadly weapon, in the district court for Quay county, and, from the sentence imposed upon him by the cоurt, has perfected this appeal.

The difficulty, which was the subject of this case, arose between the appellant and Stephen R. Calender principally on account of the difference of opinion existing between these men with regard to the right of possession and use of certain lands in Quay county. The witness Calender claimed the right of possession thereof, which was not recognized by the appellant. The appellant was requested to refrain from grazing his stock upon those lands, but apparently refused. On December 17, 1916, appellant and G. "W. Payne were riding across said lands and were accosted by Calender, who likewise was mounted upon a horse. The witness Calender testified that, when he came near to appellant, thе latter demanded that he halt and, before the witness could obey that command, the appellant fired a shot at the witness ; the same taking effect in the right shoulder of the witness. The witness then immediаtely returned towards the place from whence he came, and the difficulty ended. The appellant’s version of the transaction tended to make out a case of self-defense, he and his witnesses testifying that Calender came riding down upon him cursing and swearing and pointing a revolver in his general direction, whereupon appellant fired said shot for the purpose of рrotecting himself. The state proved that previous minor. difficulties had arisen between Calender and the appellant. Evidence introduced on the part of appellant tended tо show that Calender had theretofore threatened the life of the appellant.

[1] There is no merit in appellant’s first contention, viz. that the verdict cannot stand because it cannot be .justified upon any hypothesis. The argument is that the verdict is the result of a compromise of the jury; that appellant was guilty of assault with intent to kill, under the evidence in this case, or was not guilty of аny offense, upon the theory that the shot in question was fired in self-defense. . We cannot agree with that contention. There is amply substantial evidence to support the verdict of guilty of assault with a deadly weapon, and consequently the verdict will not be disturbed' on ap_ peal. The effect of such a verdict is that the jury believed that the appellant committed an assault upon the witness Calender, with a deadly weapon, but without intent to take his life, and the evidence palpably justifies that conclusion. As this is conclusive of this contention, we shall not discuss appellee’s contention that appellant has waived his right to maintain this proposition, in view of the fact that the court, without objection on the part of appellant, submitted to the jury the lаw of assault with a deadly weapon, and the additional contention that appellant cannot complain because he was convicted of a lesser crime than that charged in the indictment.

[2] Over the objection of the appellant, the state was permitted to show by parol that Calender claimed the ownership, or at least the right of possession, of the land upon which this difficulty occurred. The contention of appellant is that the best evidence rule should have been applied and that evidence of such right by parol ‍‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​‌​​​​​‌​​​‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​​​‍evidence was of a secondary nature. This issue as to the ownership or right of possession of said land was only collaterally involved. The principal issue was: Did appellant assault Calender with intent to kill him! Under such circumstances, the rule laid down in 17 Cyc. 484, as follows, is decisive of the' contention:

“■Where the title to real estate is not in issue hut is only collaterally involved, or where it is necessary for a party to make only a prima facie showing of ownership, the best evidence rule is not applicable, and the fact of title or prima facie right of ownership may be еstablished by parol evidence.”

See, also, the following cases cited by the Assistant Attorney General: Levelsmier v. St. L. & S. Ry. Co., 114 Mo. App. 412, 90 S. W. 104; Harper v. State, 109 Ala. 28, 19 South. 859; Underhill on Crim. Evid. § 309; 1 Wharton’s Crim. Ev. § 154. This disposes of appellant’s second and third contentions, but in conclusion of this discussion of this contention it should be noted that evidence was subsequently admitted, without any objection by appellant, that the ownership of the said lands was in dispute between Calendar and Lewis Payne.

[3] Counsel for appellant asserts that the court erred in refusing to permit the witness A. Paul Siegel to answer a preliminary question with reference to whether he was an attorney engaged in the trial of a criminal ease, wherein Stephen A. Snavely, a witness for the state, was convicted upon the charge of stealing certain wire. It is said that the question wаs preliminary in its nature and asked for the purpose of leading to the facts showing that Snavely was so convicted ‍‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​‌​​​​​‌​​​‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​​​‍and paid a fine; that the witness knew these facts and was the only witness by whom the court’s docket could have been proven. An examination 'of the record discloses that the question propounded simply asked if the witness was the person who prosecuted that case. No offer to prove any such facts as counsel now recites was made by appellant at that time, and the Assistant Attorney General therefore contends that what we said in Stаte v. McCracken, 22 N. M. 588, 590, 166 Pac. 1174, 1175, is decisive of this proposition. In this he is correct. In that case we said:

“In order for the appellant to raise the question as to the properity of the ruling of the court upon the sustaining of the objection to the question, it was- necessary for him to make a tender of the testimony which he expected to elicit by the interrogatory.”

"We followed the gеneral rule on the subject, stated in 3 C. J. 827, as follows:

“As a general rule, in order to reserve an available objection to the exclusion of evidence, a proper question must he asked, and, on objection thereto, an offer must he made at the time showing ‍‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​‌​​​​​‌​​​‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​​​‍what evidence will he given if the witness is permitted to answer, the purpose and object of the testimony sought to be introduсed, and all the facts necessary to establish its admissibility.”

As this was not .done, the appellant is not in a position to complain of the action of the court in this regard.

[4] The court propеrly refused to give appellant’s requested instruction numbered 5. It dealt with the proposition of self-defense, a subject fully covered by the court’s instructions. The rule.that the court is under no duty to give an instruction requested by a party, where it has instructed the jury thereon in its own instructions, has been so often decided here that citation of authority thereon is unnecessary.

[5] Appellant’s counsеl requested the court to instruct the jury that, if they found that appellant had made threats of any character, the- same would not deprive him of the right of self-defense. As the Assistant Attorney Generаl argues, there is no evidence whatever in this case which we have been able to find which supports any such instruction. That being so, the instruction was .properly refused.

[6] The trial court refused tо give a requested instruction seeking to charge that the appellant is presumed to be a man of good moral character, unless it is proved to the satisfaction of the jury, beyond а reasonable doubt, that such is not true. The appellant did not put his character in any respect in issue, and no evidence ‍‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​‌​​​​​‌​​​‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​​​‍touching the same was introduced by the state. Appellant’s сounsel cites no authority for the position he takes, and we have found none» supporting his contention. Numerous cases.holding adverse to his contention, however, are cited in the briеf of the state, chief among them being the case of People v. Pekarz, 185 N. Y. 470, 78 N. E. 294, where the court said, among other things:

“Where, however, ho evidence has been given upon the subject by *the defendant, who alone can open the door, his character is not in issue, and he is not entitled to the instruction ‘that the presumption that his character is good must be considered by the jury.’ It is only affirmative proof of good chаracter, quite independent of any presumption that one’s character is good until shown to he had, that hears on the probability of guilt and entitles the accused to an instruction that his character must be taken into consideration. The presumption of innocence is vital and must he charged if requested, hut the presumption of good character, when unsupported by affirmаtive proof, is practically an abstraction and need not be charged, even if requested.”

See, also, 12 Cyc. 620; People v. Brasch, 193 N. Y. 46, 85 N. E. 809; People v. Lingley, 207 N. Y. 396, 101 N. E. 170, Ann. Cas. 1913D, 403, and note thereto found in 46 L. R. A. (N. S.) 343, where practically all the cases are collected.

[7] In the course of its charge on the law of self-defense, the court said that—

“It is for you to determine from all the evidence whether such ‍‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​‌​​​​​‌​​​‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​​​‍defense is made in good faith or is a mere pretense.”

The argument is that by the use of the words quoted undue attention is directed to the contention of the state made al the trial, and that it constitutes a comment on the weight of the evidence. We are unable to agree with counsel in his contention. The instruction dealt with the limitations of the law imposed upon self-defense pleas, and was but fair alike to the appellant and the state.

For the reasons stated, the judgment of the trial court will be affirmed, and it is so ordered.

HanNA, C. J., and Roberts, J., concur.