65 N.C. App. 669 | N.C. Ct. App. | 1983
Defendant assigns error to the denial of his timely motion for judgments as of nonsuit with respect to the charges of involuntary manslaughter. He contends that the evidence, when considered in the light most favorable to the State, is insufficient to show that the deaths of Serena Merritt, Emily Merritt, and Martha Merritt were proximately caused by the culpable negligence of the defendant.
The violation of a safety statute which results in injury or death will constitute culpable negligence if the violation is wilful, wanton, or intentional. But, where there is an unintentional or inadvertent violation of the statute, such violation standing alone does not constitute culpable negligence. The inadvertent or unintentional violation of the statute must be accompanied by recklessness of probable consequences of a dangerous nature, when tested by the rule of reasonable prevision, amounting altogether to a thoughtless disregard of consequences or of a heedless indifference to the safety of others.
State v. Hancock, 248 N.C. 432, 435, 103 S.E. 2d 491, 494 (1958).
N.C. Gen. Stat. Sec. 20461(a), (b) and (c) provides:
(a) No person shall park or leave standing any vehicle, whether attended or unattended, upon the paved or main-traveled portion of any highway or highway bridge outside municipal corporate limits unless the vehicle is disabled to such an extent that it is impossible to avoid stopping and temporarily leaving the vehicle upon the paved or main-traveled portion of the highway or highway bridge.
(b) No person shall park or leave standing any vehicle upon the shoulder of a public highway outside municipal corporate limits unless the vehicle can be clearly seen by approaching drivers from a distance of 200 feet in both directions and does not obstruct the normal movement of traffic.
(c) The operator of any truck, trailer or semitrailer which is disabled upon any portion of the highway shall display warning signals not less than 200 feet in the front and rear of the vehicle. During daylight hours, such warning signals shall consist of red flags. During hours of darkness, such warning*673 signals shall consist of red flares or reflectors of a type approved by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. Such warning signals shall be displayed as long as the vehicle is disabled.
N.C. Gen. Stat. Sec. 20-134 in pertinent part provides:
Whenever a vehicle is parked or stopped upon a highway, whether attended or unattended during the times mentioned in Sec. 20-129, there shall be displayed upon such vehicle one or more lamps projecting a white or amber light visible under normal atmospheric conditions from a distance of five hundred feet to the front of such vehicle, and projecting a red light visible under like conditions from a distance of five hundred feet to the rear. . . .
N.C. Gen. Stat. Sec. 20429(a) and (d) provides:
(a) When Vehicles Must Be Equipped. — Every vehicle upon a highway within this State during the period from a half hour after sunset to a half hour before sunrise, and at any other time when there is not sufficient light to render clearly discernible any person on the highway at a distance of 400 feet ahead, shall be equipped with lighted headlamps and rear lamps as in this section respectively required for different classes of vehicles, and subject to exemption with reference to lights on parked vehicles as declared in G.S. 20-134.
(d) Rear Lamps. — Every motor vehicle, and every trailer or semitrailer attached to a motor vehicle and every vehicle which is being drawn at the end of a combination of vehicles, shall have all originally equipped rear lamps or the equivalent in good working order, which lamps shall exhibit a red light plainly visible under normal atmospheric conditions from a distance of 500 feet to the rear of such vehicle. One rear lamp or a separate lamp shall be so constructed and placed that the number plate carried on the rear of such vehicle shall under like conditions be illuminated by a white light as to be read from a distance of 50 feet to the rear of such vehicle. Every trailer or semitrailer shall carry at the rear, in addition to the originally equipped lamps, a red reflector of the type which has been approved by the Commissioner and which is so located as to height and is so main*674 tained as to be visible for at least 500 feet when opposed by a motor vehicle displaying lawful undimmed lights at night on an unlighted highway. . . .
While the evidence, considered in the light most favorable to the State, is sufficient to raise an inference that the defendant was negligent in that he violated N.C. Gen. Stat. Secs. 20461(a), (b), (c), 20434, and 20429(a) and (d), and that such negligence was a proximate cause of the deaths of Serena Merritt, Emily Merritt, and Martha Merritt, it is our opinion that the evidence is insufficient to raise an inference that such acts and omissions on the part of the defendant manifest a “wilful,” “wanton” or “intentional” violation of the statutes, or a “heedless” and “thoughtless” indifference to the safety of others. We hold therefore that the trial judge erred in submitting the cases of involuntary manslaughter to the jury and his orders denying the motions as of nonsuit are reversed and the judgments entered on the verdicts must be vacated.
Although the defendant gave notice of appeal from the judgment imposed in the case wherein he was charged with a violation of N.C. Gen. Stat. Sec. 20-28(a), driving in violation of his limited driving privilege, he has not brought forward any assignments of error relating thereto; since the sentence imposed in this case exceeds that provided for in N.C. Gen. Stat. Sec. 20479(b), however, the cause must be remanded to the Superior Court for resentencing for the offense of driving in violation of his limited driving privilege.
The result is: in the three cases charging involuntary manslaughter the sentences are vacated. In the case charging driving in violation of his limited driving privilege, we find no error in the trial, but the judgment is vacated and the cause is remanded for resentencing.
