774 A.2d 882
R.I.
2001

OPINION

WILLIAMS, Chief Justice.

This сase came before us pursuant to a petition for certiorari filed by the State of Rhode Island (state), requesting review of the judgment of a Superior Court justice, finding that the defendant, Jacques Gautier (defendant), had not violated his probation. The state urges this Court to review the trial justice’s findings and conclusions of law and to conclude that the decisiоn of the trial justice was clearly erroneous. The facts insofar as pertinent to this appeal are as follows.

On July 21, 1998, defendant entered pleas of nob contendere to charges of delivery of cocaine and conspiracy to deliver cocaine. He was sentenced on each count to ten years at the Adult Correctional Institutions, twenty-one days to serve, with the remainder of thе term suspended with probation. Three months later, on October 6, 1998, the Providence police arrested defendant on a charge that he had murdered his wife’s boyfriend, Jeffrey In- dellicati (Indellicati). 1 The next day, defendant was presented as an alleged violator of the terms and conditions of his probation.

A violation hearing was held on November 12 and 20, 1998, before a Superior Court trial justice. Five witnesses testified at that hearing. The state presented three of those witnesses — defendant’s wife, Minerva Gautier (Minerva), Providence Police Officer Anthony Teixeira, Jr., and Chief Medical Examiner Dr. Elizabeth La-posata. Minerva testified that on October 2, 1998, while she was still married to defendant, she moved into an apartment at 30 Barbara Street with Indellicati and Eros (Eros), her twenty-two-month-old son by defendant. Minerva testified that during the early morning hours of October 6, 1998, she was awakened by noises in the kitchen. When she got up to investigate, she discovered defendant in the kitchen; he apparently had entered the apartment through the kitchen window. Minerva testified that defendant told her that he loved her, asked her how she could allow Indelli-cati to take care of their son, and told her that he (defendant) had been following her all day. Minerva testified that defendant also stated that Indellicati “was stealing his family.” She began arguing with defendant; Indellicati woke up and came into the kitchen wearing only his boxer shorts. Thereafter, Minerva testified, a fight ensued between Indelliсati and defendant, at which point, defendant grabbed a large knife from one of the kitchen drawers and began stabbing Indellicati. Minerva testified that she became concerned about Eros, went into his room to check on him, and then returned and tried to break up the fight by stepping between Indellicati and defendant. She was unsuccessful. The defendant then chased Indellicati into the bathroom, where Indellicati slipped on water on the floor. Minerva testified that defendant continued to stab Indellicati as he lay helplessly on the floor. She then attempted to administer CPR to Indellica-ti, but defendant, holding a knife to her throat, told her to get Eros and to drive them all to his sister’s apartment at 53 Lancashire Street, where defendant recently had been staying. Minerva testified that when they arrived at the Lancashire Street apartment, defendant told his sister that he had killed Indellicati.

Officer Anthony Teixeira, Jr. (Officer Teixeira), a patrol officer with the Providence Police Department, testified next. He testified that, on October 6, 1998, he received information from his sergeаnt at roll call that a murder had taken place at 30 Barbara Street and that a beige Honda with tinted windows, a cracked windshield, and Florida license plates had been seen in the area. Officer Teixeira recognized the description of the vehicle. The prior week, he had followed Minerva, who had been driving a vehicle fitting that descriptiоn, to the Lancashire Street apartment after she had made a domestic complaint against defendant. Accordingly, Officer Teixeira proceeded to 53 Lancashire Street on the morning of October 6, 1998. As he was driving down Lancashire Street, Officer Teixeira saw the vehicle pull into the driveway. He pulled up behind the vehicle and twice ordеred the operator to get out of the vehicle. The operator, however, put the vehicle in reverse, backed up a few feet, then drove off through the side yards and over the curbing down the street. Officer Teixeira gave chase, and, with the assistance of another police cruiser that had come to the scene, apprеhended the driver about a block away. At that point, he discovered that defendant was the oper ator of the vehicle. Officer Teixeira testified that when he apprehended defendant, defendant had blood on his clothing and that there was blood on the interior of the vehicle. Officer Teixeira also testified that there was a fresh cut on the palm of defendant’s hand.

The state’s third witness was Chief Medical Examiner Dr. Elizabeth Laposata (Dr. Laposata). Doctor Laposata testified that she did an autopsy on Indellicati on October 7, 1998. She testified that Indellicati had sixty-eight separate wounds. Half those wounds were incise wounds (wounds made by a sharp object in which the wound on the skin surface is longеr than the depth of the wound into the body), and the other half of the wounds were stab wounds (wounds made by a sharp object in which the wound into the body is deeper than the length of the wound on the skin surface). She testified further that Indel-licati had received two different types of stab wounds: one caused by a large knife and another caused by a smaller knife. She testified thаt at least one of the knives was serrated. Doctor Laposata also testified that the two knives that were seized from the scene were consistent with Indel-licati’s wounds.

The defense presented two witnesses at the hearing. The first witness, defendant’s sister, Brandy Jimenez (Jimenez), testified that she was awakened during the early morning hours of October 6, 1998, by defendant and Minervа, who both told her that Indellicati had been stabbed and that she should call an ambulance. Jimenez testified that she overheard defendant say to Minerva, “I’m going to get blamed for this,” and that Minerva had responded, “I’ll tell them I did it.” The defendant’s second witness was fourteen-year-old Her-minio Asencio (Asencio). Asencio testified that in early October he had helpеd defendant move furniture from the apartment that defendant and Minerva had been living in before moving to 30 Barbara Street. Asencio testified that he did not help defendant move the furniture into the new apartment, but that he had heard defendant say that “he would do [the move the] * * * next day with [Minerva] so she can fix [up] everything [in the apartment].” The defense then attempted to introduce a copy of the lease for the new apartment. The defense sought to introduce a copy of the lease for credibility purposes and in an attempt to prove that defendant had a right to be in the apartment and to help the court determine, if the trial justice found that Indellicati had been the initial aggressor, whether defendant had a duty to retreat.

At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial justice determined that, based on the Super.R.Crim.P. 32(f) notice that ‍‌‌‌​​​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌​‌‍the state had presented alleging only the offense of murder, defendant was not a violator. The trial justice stated,

“I made a factual finding [that] I did not believe the State’s witness that [defendant] in fact caused the death or that he murdered — and that was the notice that was given to the defendant — that he murdered [Indellicati]. * * * I’m called upon to make certain findings. The evidence presented to me, as I indicated to you in chambers, I think the 32(f) notice was deficient. Had the 32(f), for example, alerted the defendant to the fact that he was being accused of violating the nine-and-а-half years I believe it was, nine years, ten months of a previously suspended sentence because he beat up his wife or violated a restraining order, that would have been simple. But the 32(f) notice presented to me said that he’s a violator because he murdered [Indellicati]. From the evidence presented to me, I was not satisfied the State met its burden [in proving] that he did murder [Indellieati].”

Specifically, the trial justice did not find Minerva to be a credible witness. The trial justice noted inconsistencies between Minerva’s in-court testimony and her statements to the police after the incident. The trial justice also noted that there were inconsistencies between her testimony on direct examination and hеr testimony on cross-examination, and found her testimony “to be somewhat inherently improbable!, ]” especially in light of her demeanor in the courtroom. Specifically, Minerva “displayed absolutely zero emotion from [the] witness stand * * The trial justice stated, “it’s my sense she is hiding something. She wasn’t completely truthful.” However, the trial justice did not find that defendant was not prеsent or in any way not involved with this homicide.

The state appealed the trial justice’s finding. However, because this Court decided in State v. Beaulieu, 112 R.I. 724, 315 A.2d 434 (1974), that double jeopardy considerations prohibit the state from filing an appeal from an adjudication of non-violation, the state filed the instant petition for the writ of certiorari. The state argues that the trial justice’s detеrmination of nonviolation was clearly erroneous. Furthermore, the state argues that if the trial justice’s decision was allowed to stand, defendant would evade prosecution altogether, pursuant to this Court’s decision in State v. Chase, 588 A.2d 120 (R.I.1991). Before addressing the state’s argument that the trial justice erred in determining that defendant did not violate the terms of his probation, we will address the propriety of the instant writ.

“It is well settled in this jurisdiction that absent a constitutional or statutory provision the state has no right to an appeal in a criminal proceeding.” Beaulieu, 112 R.I. at 726, 315 A.2d at 435. However, “the state [can] seek and obtain appellate review in a criminal matter by petitioning this [C]ourt for a writ of certiorari' where it appeared that an inferior сourt had improperly taken jurisdiction or had clearly abused its proper jurisdiction.” Id. at 726-27, 315 A.2d at 435. “This Court limits its review on certiorari ‘to examining the ‍‌‌‌​​​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌​‌‍record to determine if an error of law has been committed.’ City of Providence v. S & J 351, Inc., 693 A.2d 665, 667 (R.I.1997) (per curiam). “We do not weigh the evidence presented below, but rather inspect the record to determine if any legally competent evidence exists therein to support the findings made by the trial justice.’ Id. (citing Matter of Falstaff Brewing Corp. Re: Narragansett Brewery Fire, 637 A.2d 1047, 1049 (R.I.1994)).” Gregson v. Packings & Insulations Corp., 708 A.2d 533, 535 (R.I.1998).

Although we agree that the Rule 32(f) notice presented by the state in the instant case was insufficient, 2 we grant the state’s petition for certiorari. At the outset, the trial justice misconceived his role at the probation-revocation hearing. It is wеll settled in this state that “the appropriate role of the hearing justice [in a probation-revocation hearing is] to determine ‘only whether in [the hearing jus tice’s] discretion [the defendant’s] conduct on the day in question had been lacking in the required good behavior expected and required by his probationary status.’ ” State v. Znosko, 755 A.2d 832, 834-35 (R.I.2000) (quoting State v. Godette, 751 A.2d 742, 745 (R.I.2000)). It is not the role of the hearing justicе to determine the validity of the specific charge that formed the basis of the violation. See id. at 834; see also Godette, 751 A.2d at 745; State v. Hie, 688 A.2d 283, 284 (R.I.1996); State v. Pinney, 672 A.2d 870, 871 (R.I.1996). Rather, “pursuant to Rule 32(f), a showing that the defendant has failed to keep the peace and to remain on good behavior is sufficient to establish a probation violation.” Znosko, 755 A.2d at 835 (citing Godette, 751 A.2d at 745).

In the instant case, the trial justice concluded that he was not satisfied that the statе had met its burden in proving that defendant had murdered Indellicati. The trial justice noted, “[t]he question remains, am I satisfied from the credible evidence presented that there’s a fair likelihood that it was this defendant [who was] responsible for that killing? I would be in violation of my oath if I said I was satisfied.” However, it was not the trial justice’s role to make that determination. Rather, thе evidence presented was more than sufficient to establish that a murder had occurred and that defendant was present when it occurred. Indeed, the trial justice noted that Indellicati had been murdered and that only three people knew what had happened: defendant, Minerva, and Indellicati. The fact that defendant was present during such a brutаl slaying and that he had failed to notify the police after he fled the scene was enough to establish that his conduct on the day in question “had been lacking in the required good behavior expected and required by his probationary status.” Godette, 751 A.2d at 745. 3

Furthermore, pursuant to the state’s Rule 32(f) notice, defendant could have been found a probation violator on either of two grounds: first, for “lacking in the [requisite] good behavior expected and required by his probationary status” in connection with the murder of Indellicati, and second, for fleeing from a police officer. The evidence in the record was sufficient to show that defendant, a probationer, fled from a lawful stop by a police officer. Officer Tеixeira testified that defendant fled after ‍‌‌‌​​​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌​‌‍twice being ordered out of his vehicle. He also testified that after he pulled up behind defendant’s vehicle, defendant put the vehicle in reverse, backed up a few feet, and drove off through the side yards and over curbing down the street. Finally, Officer Teixeira testified that he pursued the vehicle and, with the help of another cruiser, apprehended the operator about a block away. That testimony was uncontradicted. Accordingly, defendant could have been found a probation violator on those grounds.

Finally, the trial justice made an error of law when he stated at the conclusion of the probation-revocation hearing that a jury would bе able to decide the defendant’s guilt or innocence at a subsequent trial on the merits. The trial justice stated: “I’ll let that decision be made by the factfinder of the jury.” He also stated: “I made a factual finding [that] I did not believe * * * that he murdered [Indellica-ti]. How that impacts on the ability to go forward, that’s a legal matter that counsel will have to wrestle with.” Unfortunatеly and unintentionally, the trial justice misconceived the consequences of an adjudication of non-violation. Our holding in Chase precludes the state from relitigating a defendant’s guilt or innocence for a criminal offense after a finding of non-violation at a probation-revocation hearing. See Chase, 588 A.2d at 121-22. 4

For the foregoing reasons, the state’s petition for certiorari is granted. The judgment of the Superior Court is quashed and the papers of the case are remanded to the Superior Court with our decision endorsed thereon for redetermination in light of our holding in Znosko.

Notes

1

. Throughout the record, Indellicati's first name is spelled "Geoffrey.” However, the briefs and transcripts refer to Indellicati as "Jeffrey.”

2

. In the instant case, the rеcord indicates that the state possessed evidence that defendant had a restraining order against him as a result of an alleged assault on his wife and that he had violated that restraining order. The state, which has virtually unfettered discretion in determining when to proceed against a defendant as a probation violator and upon what grounds, could hаve proceeded against the defendant upon those grounds. See LaChappelle v. State, 686 A.2d 924, 927 (R.I.1996). On remand, the state may amend its Super.R.Crim.P. 32(f) notice to include that charge, and may introduce additional evidence as needed to support that charge.

3

. In the instant case, the trial justice based his decision on the fact that he did not find Minerva to be a credible witness. Indeed, it is well settled that ‘‘[wjeighing evidence and assessing the credibility of witnesses ‍‌‌‌​​​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌​‌‍are the functions of the trial court.” State v. Kennedy, 702 A.2d 28, 33 (R.I.1997) (quoting State v. Studman, 121 R.I. 766, 770, 402 A.2d 1185, 1187 (1979)). However, even discounting Minerva’s testimony, the evidence in the record is sufficient to support a finding that defendant had violated the terms of his probation.

4

. In State v. Chase, 588 A.2d 120, 121 (R.I.1991), the defendant, while on probation for a previous conviction, was arrested after allegedly selling cocaine to an undercover police officer. At the conclusion of the probation-revocation hearing, the trial justice denied the motion to find defendant in violation of his probation. See id. The trial justice noted that the defendant had only been out of jail for less than a month, that the defendant recognized one of the individuals involved as a police officer, and that he had been aware that the officer was acting in an undercover capacity. See id. The trial justice, therefore, "found it incredible that defendant would have breached the terms of his probation by committing the alleged offenses.” Id.

Thereafter, the defendant moved to have the charges against him dismissеd on the grounds of collateral estoppel, double jeopardy, and due process. See id. The trial justice denied that motion. We reversed. We held that "a finding of nonviolation at a probation-revocation hearing precludes the state from relitigating the issue of defendant’s guilt or innocence for the criminal offense.” Id. at 121-22. We based our decision on the principle of collateral estoppel. We held that a “specific finding on a material matter of fact fully litigated at the probation-revocation hearing will collaterally estop the state from attempting to prove the same fact at trial.” Id. at 123.

Our decision in Chase is distinguishable from the instant case. In Chase, the trial justice found that the defendant was not guilty of doing anything. In the instant casе, the trial justice was unable to make such a determination. The trial justice in the instant case noted that a murder had occurred, but that it should be left to the jury to determine who had committed that murder.

It has been suggested that we reconsider our decision in Chase in light of recent cases that clarify the role of a ‍‌‌‌​​​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​​‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌​‌‍hearing justice at a probation violation hearing. See State v. Znosko, 755 A.2d 832 (R.I.2000); State v. Godette, 751 A.2d 742 (R.I.2000). That issue, however, is not currently before us. We decline to reconsider our ruling in Chase until the parties have been given an opportunity to fully brief that issue.