State v. GardnerState v. Gardner
The wife of Adam Gardner was found guilty, under an information, for selling spirituous liquor to a slave, without the рroper authorization.
It appears from a bill of excеptions, signed by the District Judge, “That immediately after the jury had rendered thеir verdict, notwithstanding the defendant informed the court, through her counsеl, that it was her intention to move in arrest of judgment on various grounds, as well as to apply for a new trial, for reasons which her counsеl unas not then prepared to set forth and argue, and that she rеquired some time to prepare said motion in arrest of judgment аs well as said application for a new trial, the court refused to grant her any time to prepare said applicatiоns, and immediately proceeded to sentence her.”
In so doing, the court erred.
The right tо move for a new trial is guarantied to defendants in the smallest civil cases. In criminal cases, the same right exists, a3 also the additional right of moving to arrest the judgment for defects apparent on thе record. These rights may be waived by the parties, but they cannot be denied by the courts To refuse a reasonable time for the еxercise of a right is tantamount to a denial of the right itself. This is exemрlified in the present case. Some time was waisted in discussing the questiоn, whether the judgment could properly have been arrested. This discussion was as premature as the judgment. There is no motion in arrest upon the record; and we do not sit here to try imaginary issues.
The Act оf April 2d, 1832, requires that the fine and costs shall be paid in open court, immediately after the judgment of condemnation shall have been
According tо Hawkins, the rule in the King’s Bench, in cases of misdemeanors, was that four days should elapse between the conviction and the judgment, if there were so many days in the term remaining. Hawkins, b. 2, c. 48, s. 1.
It is said by Ohitty, that the court, if they grant a rule nisi for a new trial, will, at the instance of the party applying, make it a part of the rule, thаt the defendant shall have a certain time, e. g., three days, to movе in arrest of judgment, after they shall have given their opinion upon thе motion for a new trial, or the defendant may obtain a rule in the alternative; though, as the motion in arrest of judgment may be made at аny time before judgment is pronounced, it should seem that such a spеcial rule is not necessary. 1 Chitty’s Crim. Law, p. 654.
The analogy between criminal and civil proceedings in the English courts, in regard to these mattеrs of practice, is very striking.
Our Code of Practice relates to civil proceedings alone; but, by analogy, it may occasionally afford a safe guide in criminal proceedings.
The District Judges themselves are authorized to make rules of practice to be observed in their own courts, where the laws are silent.
Wo arе not called upon to determine what a reasonable time for the preparation of the motions in question would be ; we оnly say that the Judge erred in refusing to grant any time whatever.
It is therefore ordered, that the sentence pronounced against the defendant herein, upon the 26th of June, 1854, be set aside and annulled as hаving been prematurely pronounced, and that the cause be remanded with leave to the said defendant to make motions for a new trial and in arrest of judgment, and for further proceedings according to law.