247 Mo. 607 | Mo. | 1913
Defendant was convicted in the circuit court of the city of St. Louis on the second count of an indictment charging him with obtaining money from the city of St. Louis by certain false pretenses, and his, punishment fixed by the verdict of a jury at imprisonment in the penitentiary for a term of two years. Prom the judgment and sentence imposed pursuant to said verdict, after the usual steps, he prosecutes this appeal.
The indictment against the defendant contains two counts, but the State having seen fit at some stage in the trial (but at what period is not clearly, disclosed) to dismiss as to the first count, the same is not pertinent here, except insofar as it may incidentally bear upon matters of alleged error urged by defendant.
The second count, being that upon which the conviction was had, is as follows (caption omitted)
“And the grand jurors aforesaid, upon their oath aforesaid, further presentment make as follows:
“That Eichard Poley on or about the thirteenth, day of September, one thousand nine hundred and ten, at the city of St. Louis aforesaid, was an inspector of city lighting, duly appointed and qualified and acting nnder and by virtue of the laws and ordinances of the city of St. Louis, a municipal corporation; and that the said Eichard Poley, inspector as aforesaid, on or about the said 30th day of September, 1910, at the city of St. Louis aforesaid, unlawfully and feloniously,*614 knowingly and designedly, with the intent then and there to cheat and defraud the city of St. Louis, a municipal corporation as aforesaid, did falsely and fraudulently, represent, pretend and state to the said city of St. Louis, its officers, agents and servants, that he, the said Richard Foley, inspector as aforesaid, owned a horse and buggy and had used the same in the city service during the month of September, 1910; and that the said city of St. Louis was then and there justly indebted to him, the said Richard Foley, inspector as aforesaid, in the sum of twenty dollars for furnishing and keeping a horse and buggy, which he, the said Richard Foley, as such inspector, used in the said city of St. Louis in performing his duties during the said month of September, 1910; and that he, the said Richard Foley, inspector as aforesaid, was then and there entitled to receive and have from the said city of St. Louis, the sum' of twenty dollars for furnishing and keeping a horse and buggy and used by the said Richard Foley, inspector as aforesaid, in the performance of his duties as such inspector in said city of St. Louis during the month of September, 1910;' and that the said city of St. Louis, its officers, agents and servants, believing the said false pretenses and representations so made by the said Richard Foley as aforesaid, to be true, and being deceived thereby, was then and there induced by the said false representations and pretenses so made as aforesaid, to pay over and deliver to the said Richard Foley, inspector as aforesaid, and did then and there pay over and deliver-to the said Richard Foley, inspector as aforesaid, certain personal property, to-wit, twenty dollars, lawful money of the United States, in full payment and in discharge of said indebtedness of twenty dollars represented as aforesaid to be due and owing by said city of St. Louis to the said Richard Foley, inspector as aforesaid, and described as aforesaid, and that the said Richard Foley, inspector as aforesaid, by means of the said false*615 pretenses and representations so made to the said city -of St. Louis as aforesaid, unlawfully, feloniously, knowingly and designedly did then and there obtain of and from the city of St. Louis said twenty dollars, lawful money of the United States, of the personal property of the said city of St. Louis, and of the value of twenty dollars, with the intent then and there the said city of St'. Louis to cheat and defraud of the same.-
“Whereas, in truth and in fact the said Eichard Foley, inspector as aforesaid, did not on or about the thirtieth day of September, one thousand nine hundred and ten, own a horse and buggy and did not use the same to the city’s service during the month of September, 1910; and
“Whereas, in truth and in fact the said city of St. Louis was not then and there justly indebted to him, the said Eichard Foley, inspector as aforesaid, in the sum of twenty dollars for furnishing and keeping a horse and buggy, which he, the said Eichard Foley, as such inspector, used in said' city of St. Louis in performing his duties during said month of September, 1910; and
“Whereas, in truth and in fact the said Eichard Foley, inspector as aforesaid, was not then and there entitled to receive and have from the said city of St. Louis the sum of twenty dollars, for furnishing and keeping a horse and buggy used by the said Eichard Foley, inspector as aforesaid, in the performance of his duties as such inspector in said city of St. Louis during the month of September, 1910. All of which he, the said Eidhard Foley, then and there well knew.
“Against the peace and dignity of the State.”
It is sufficient to say touching the first count, which, as stated, was dismissed, that it' was in substance similar to the second count quoted above, except that the property in said first count charged to have been obtained by defendant was “a warrant of the city of St. Louis of the value of twenty dollars.”
Defendant challenged the sufficiency of the second count by a timely motion to quash, which motion the court overruled, defendant taking all proper exceptions. This motion to quash, omitting caption, is as follows:
“Said count fails to state any offense under the laws, statutes of Constitution of this State.
“Said count is too indefinite, vague and uncertain and fails to properly inform the defendant of the offense with which he stands charged.
“Said count is bad in that, while it alleges the defendant was an inspector, ‘duly appointed and qualified and acting under and by virtue of the laws and ordinances of the city of St. Louis,’ it fails to properly plead such municipal laws and ordinances'.
“While the count charges that the defendant with the intent to cheat and defraud the city of St. Louis, did make certain false and fraudulent representations to ‘the city of St. Louis, its officers, agents and servants,’ the count should be more specific as to the name and positions of such agents and servants and show that they had jurisdiction over the matters complained of in the count.
“The count is bad, in that the representations claimed to have been made by the defendant are on matters fully within the knowledge of the city of St. Louis and its officers, servants and agents, having jurisdiction over the matters complained of and are not such as the city, its officers, servants and agents could have been deceived or mislead regarding to, and further, even if such representations were made, the city, its agents, servants and officers had no right to depend and rely upon such representations.”
The testimony offered on the part of the State tended to prove the following facts:
The specific charge is based upon defendant’s obtaining by certain alleged false pretenses, twenty dollars from the city of St. Louis for furnishing’ and keeping a horse and buggy for the month of September, 1910, which horse he did not have or furnish or keep, and which he had not had since June, 1909. On the 30th day of September, 1910, defendant presented to
City of St. Louis, lighting streets, alleys, parks and public places, for maintaining horses and -vehicles.
To Richard Foley, dr., for furnishing and keeping horse, etc., during the month of September, 1910, twenty dollars.
I hereby certify that I own a horse and buggy and that I have used the same for the city’s service during the month of September, 1910.
RICHARD FOLEY.
I hereby certify that the above account, amounting tO' twenty dollars, is correct and was necessary; and that I have at no previous time certified to same or any part thereof.
R. E. FLOOD,
Chief Clerk, Supervisor City Lighting.
The above demand or certificate having been thereafter certified and' approved by the board of public improvements, through its president, passed, in due course and custom of city business, through the hands of the city comptroller, the city auditor and the city treasurer. In the office of the city auditor‘there was thereafter issued and delivered to the defendant on the same day a paper, called by some of the witnesses a warrant and by others a voucher, which paper was in the following form:
September 30, 1910. $20.00.
Received warrant No. 117 for the sum of $20.00 in full demand of the above amount.
Richard Foley.
There was also testimony offered by the State tending to show that upon some doubt being raised as to the correctness of defendant’s demand against the city for furnishing and keeping a horse, defendant took steps to make it appear that he had paid one Sheehan for the board of a horse at a livery stable owned' by said Sheehan, and to this end defendant obtained from Sheehan receipted bills for the board of a horse covering the month of September, 1910, and for other months prior and subsequent thereto.- Defendant also procured a bill of sale from said ■ Sheehan, dated July 1,1910,, and purporting to sell to defendant a certain horse, therein described, for the sum of one hundred dollars. It was also shown that he procured certain bills for shoeing horses from one Hennessey, a horseshoer, purporting to cover the said month of September, 1910, and other months. It was shown that all of these documents were bogus and that the horse stated to have been sold to defendant was not so sold Mm; that the board was not furnished to him, nor was the horseshoeing done for him — the above acts being mere efforts on his part to evade an investigation and to make a showing of good faith, to the officers of the ‘city who were engaged in the inquiry.
Defendant being called before one B. J. Taussig, who at the time was comptroller oí the city of St. Louis, sometime about the 23d of January, 1911, of
STATEMENT OF RICHARD FODEY,
• Inspector, Supervisor of City Lighting.
Now gentlemen you have it on me and all that Mr. Howes has stated is the truth. I will answer any question you care to ask.
In Junei, 1909, my horse went lame and I let him go. I remember that we had just received our pay and McNamara and I were going down the street and I told him that I had to go to East St. Louis to get me a horse and he suggested that we both use -his horse and my buggy. I said that would be all right until I got a horse. It would give us a chance to charge the city for the keep of two horses and we could put the difference into our own pockets.
Both Jeremiah Sheehan and John Sheehan knew that we only had one horse between us. The bills were always made out on pay day for the keep of two horses; since June 1st, 1909, we have never had but one horse and they knew it. Sometimes John Sheehan receipted the bills and sometimes his father did so.
The first intimation that I had that there was liable to be an investigation was on the night of January 11th, 1911, when I was told by the desk operator to call up Mr. Flopd as soon as I could. I did so and from his question as to whether or not I had a horse and buggy and the manner of his asking it I was sure that something was in the wind and McNamara and I arranged to meet that night down town. McNamara and I met on the night of January 11th, 1911, and talked the matter over and we notified one of the Sheehans to show up two horses as belonging to us if any one called to see him about it.
On the 12th of January, 1911, I went to the Sheehan barn about ten a. m., and found Jeremiah and John there; they told me that a short dark man had been there and that Jeremiah Sheehan had shown the black mare as belonging to me. The old man did the talking to me. He also stated that.McNamara had been there that morning before I had.
*621 That ,same day Mr. Jacobs, supervisor of city lighting, called McNamara and me to his office to get our statement. I told Mr. Jacobs that I had always owned a horse and buggy while employed in the lighting department. I told Mr. Jacobs that I had bought the black horse I used since that d^y, January 12th, 1911; that I had bought it from Jeremiah Sheehan sometime in June, 1910. I believed that the matter had been dropped and only used the hlack horse once or twice until I was again interviewed by Mr. Howes. Since that time I have been using the hlack horse to malte it appear that I had a horse. When Sheehan told me someone inquired about my horse, I said X guess we are up against it, Sheehan said “I guess it won’t amount to anything.” Jeremiah and John Sheehan both knew that we were defrauding the city of St. Louis.
I went to John Hennessy on January 25th, 1911, and I asked him- to make me out a bill for six months shoeing for $12 and asked him to make it for the last six months although I did not owe him for any shoeing for any of these dates, but did owe him for an old shoeing bill way back. He well knew that I did not owe him for these months and he asked me what I. wanted it for a,nd I told him X thought there was an investigation on in our department pertaining to McNamara and myself and I wanted this bill to make it appear that I owned a horse.
I went-to Jos. T. Troll about a week ago-, I told him there was an investigation on in the office and told him if any one came to see him, to say that I gave him the horse last June and that he sold it for one dollar. I met him again a few days later, hut he would not talk to me about this matter. I met him again the next day and he told me that he said what I asked him to, he then left me, and he and I met a few hours later on Broadway and Angelica, but there were others there and we didn’t talk about the matter. I actually gave him a horse about June, 1909, a year earlier than I stated to you at the last meeting with you.
After McNamara and I had been to Mr. Jacobs’ office the first time for an investigation we met, and wondered who gave it away, but we could not make it out; after that he came to me and said that he met Corcoran and that Corcoran said they were going to get us and Me. said he would go and see Corcoran again and he thought he would tell him all he knew about it. Me. then reported that Corcoran denied knowing anything about it, and said he never said anything against him in his life. After that we met Corcoran at the barn and I was inside and heard Me. and Corcoran chewing the rag in the office. I would*622 not go into the office but heard Corcoran cursing us and heard him say he would fix us.
On the day that Mr. Howes met me at the office in the Commercial Building, room 420, I called- Me. up and told him that some newspaper man wanted to see me and he said that fellow was out.here and then I went tQ Mr. Howes’s, office and I denied everything -and claimed to have owned a horse all the time. Met Me. that night, he said what did you say to that fellow and I answered I tried to deny it the best I could. I then told McNamara that I found bills made out to us jointly, he then said “that’s, hell that you should have that hind of bills.” We said no more until we came to Mr. Taussig’s office on the 30th of January, 1911.
That evening after leaving Mr. Taussig’s office I met Me. at the stable after making the rounds and we talked about it and told each other that Mr. Taussig had our hills. I told him I tried to deny everything the best that I could and told him I didn’t think there was anything to do, they had the hills and everything against us. He was pretty blue and we didn’t know what to do and we expected to he called any time again and we concluded Howes was no newspaper man and I said I wonder who is paying him. Me. said' I think Mr. Taussig will give us .a square deal and I said I hope that he does. We meant that Mr. Taussig would give us the benefit of any doubt if it could not he proven we were guilty.
I wish to confess that Edward K. McNamara and I have been guilty of defrauding the city of St. Louis, Mo., in the sum of $400 by making -false vouchers for two horses used in the city service where as¡ a matter of fact we had hut one horse between us, for a period of twenty months, beginning with June first, 1909, and ending January 31st, 1911.
I have made this confession voluntarily and no promise of immupity or protection has been made in -any manner by any of the three men present at the signing of this statement, nor any other person for them. I have been warned that this statement may he used against me in any criminal proceeding that may he instituted concerning the matters herein stated.
Signed by me this 3rd day of Feb.' 1911, at the office of the City Comptroller at the City Hall in St. Louis, Mo., in tne presence of Hon. B. J. Taussig, Arthur J. Jacobs and Earl J. Howes.
f B. J. Taussig.
Richard Foley.
Upon the trial defendant was cross-examined by the State, over the objections of defendant’s counsel, touching a great number of things not adverted to in defendant’s examination in chief;
At the close of all the testimony defendant offered a demurrer to the evidence in the form of a, requested instruction to the jury that they should find him not guilty.
The court gave, among others, instruction numbered 1, which is as follows:
*624 “The State dismisses the charge as contained in the first connt of the indictment, and yon will therefore only consider the charge as contained in the second connt of the indictment.
“If you believe, and find from the evidence in the case that the defendant, Richard Foley, on or about the 30th day of September, 1910, at the city of St. Louis, aforesaid, was an inspector of city lighting, duly appointed and qualified and acting under , and by virtue of the laws and ordinances of said city of St. Louis, a municipal corporation, and that he, on or about the 30th of September, 1910, at the city of St. Louis and State of Missouri, unlawfully, feloniously, knowingly and designedly, with the intent to cheat and defraud the city of St. Louis, a municipal corporation, did feloniously and fraudulently represent, pretend and state to the said city of St. Louis, its officers, agents and servants, that he owned a horse and buggy, and had used the same in the city’s service during the month of September, 1910, and that the city of St. Louis was justly indebted to him in the sum of twenty dollars for furnishing and keeping a horse and buggy, which he used in the said city of St. Louis in perform-^ ing his duties during the said month of September, 1910, and that he was entitled to receive and have from the city of St. Louis the sum of twenty dollars for furnishing and keeping a horse and buggy used by him as inspector in the performance .of his duties as such inspector of said city of St. Louis during the month of September, 1910, and that the city of St. Louis, its officers, agents and servants believing such false pretenses and representations, so made by said, defendant, to be true and being deceived thereby were then and there induced by the said false representations and pretenses to pay over and deliver to the said Richard Foley, inspector as aforesaid, and did pay over and deliver to the said Richard Foley the sum of twenty dollars, lawful money of the United States, in*625 full payment and in discharge of said indebtedness the twenty dollars, represented as aforesaid to be dne and owing by said city of St. Lonis to said Richard Foley, and that the said Foley by means of said false pretenses and representations so made to the city of St. Lonis, aforesaid, unlawfully, feloniously, knowingly and designedly did then and there obtain of and from the city of St. Louis said twenty dollars, lawful money of the United States, the personal property of said city of St. Louis and of the value of twenty dollars, with the intent then and there the said city of St. Louis to cheat and defraud of the same; and
“Whereas in truth and in fact the said Richard Foley, inspector as aforesaid, did not on or about the 30th day of September, 1910, own a horse and buggy and did not use the same in the city’s service during the month of September, 1910; and in truth and in fact the said city of St. Louis was not then and there justly indebted to him in the sum of twenty dollars for furnishing and keeping a horse and buggy which he, the said Richard Foley, as such inspector used in said city of St. Louis in performing his duties through said month of September, 1910; and in' truth and in fact the said Richard Foley, inspector as aforesaid, was not then and there entitled to receive and take from the said city of St. Louis the sum of twenty dollars for furnishing and keeping a horse and buggy, used by the said Richard Foley in the performance of his duties as such inspector in said city of St. Louis during the month of September, 1910, all of which he, the said Richard Foley, then and there well knew, you will find the defendant guilty of obtaining money under false pretenses, as charged in the second count of the indictment, and fix his punishment at imprisonment in the state penitentiary for any length of time not less than two nor more than seven years. Unless you*626 find the facts to be as stated above, yon will acquit tbe defendant.
“Tbe court instructs yon that tbe word ‘felon-iously, ’ as used in tbe indictment and in these instructions, means wickedly and against tbe admonition of tbe law.”
Tbe defendant, by bis counsel, excepted to each of tbe instructions given by tbe court “for tbe reason that each and all state tbe law with reference to this cause and tbe evidence herein incorrectly and erroneously; because said instructions are not complete and full expositions of tbe law in tbe cause under tbe evidence; because tbe jury in such instructions are not fully nor adequately advised of all tbe law under tbe evidence, necessary to their reaching a verdict in tbe cause. ”
At tbe request of defendant tbe court gave in bis behalf instruction number 5, which is as follows:
“Tbe court instructs tbe jury that under tbe ordinances of tbe city of St. Louis and tbe orders given tbe defendant by bis superior, it was not required of tbe defendant that be own a horse and buggy' but simply that be provide a horse and buggy for use in connection with bis work as a city lighting inspector, and tbe jury are further instructed that if they believe from tbe evidence that the defendant did so provide a horse and buggy, it is immaterial who was tbe actual owner of said horse and buggy ox whether tbe defendant’ did or did not own tbe same. And if tbe jury believe from tbe evidence that tbe defendant did so provide a horse and buggy, then it becomes tbe duty of tbe jury to acquit tbe defendant.”
Tbe above statement would seem to present sufficient of tbe facts ■ for a clear understanding of the questions before us; in such respects as tbe statement may be in this behalf defective, it will be eked out by a reference to the facts in tbe subjoined opinion.
In addition to the defendant’s contention, as set out in Ms motion to quash, of the lack of sufficiency o'f the indictment, he urges many other alleged errors
Turning then as a guide to the motion for a new trial, and passing for later and further examination the alleged lack of sufficiency of the indictment, we find defendant complaining that (a) there was-not sufficient nor the necessary evidence to
I. We are confronted in limine by the objection that the indictment is not sufficient in law. An examination and analysis of this indictment discloses that it charges “that Eichard Foley . . . was an in-
We have set out in skeleton the allegations which are made in the indictment, and we find them to he in substance those which are, by the adjudicated cases in this State, and under our statute, required to be made. Nor do we find any material averment lacking. [Consult State v. Phelan, 159 Mo. 122; State v. Hubbard, 170 Mo. 353; State v. Saunders, 63 Mo. 482; State v. Kelly, 170 Mo. 151; State v. Vandenburg, 159 Mo. 230; State v. Clay, 100 Mo. 571; State v. Feazell, 132 Mo. 176; State v. Turley, 142 Mo. 403; State v. Dines, 206 Mo. 653; State v. Roberts, 201 Mo. 710.] It is scarcely possible, the nature of the offense considered, to find any adjudicated case, and ergo, any hard and fast form of indictment, similar in all respects to, and in all ways on all-fours, with any other case, or indictment. The most that we might expect to find is here a stone and there a stone, either taken or rejected by the builders. Measured by the requirements of the statute, as well as by the holdings of the cases, all of the legal averments required are found in this indictment.
The defendant complains further, however (as we read his motion to quash), that since he was an inspector of city lighting, holding employment under an
Defendant also specifically urges that the alleged false representations made by defendant, as the same are disclosed by the indictment, were touching matters and things fully within the knowledge of the identical officers of the city who are said to have been deceived thereby. If this is true, then the indictment is bad,
II. Defendant urges that the evidence was not sufficient or of the necessary sort to warrant a conviction. We are precluded, as a court of errors, from passing on this question if there be any substantial proof of guilt. Present substantial proof, either
III. Contention is also made that the court should have directed an acquittal at the close of all of the evidence. It does not clearly appear upon what specific ground defendant urges this view. If it is based on the mere insufficiency of the evidence, we hold above that this objection is not tenable. If this contention be bottomed (as defendant’s brief suggests,
The case of State v. Brotzer, supra, was a prosecution in three counts for injuring the wires of a telephone company. The dates of the offenses were laid on February 2, 8, and 10, respectively. After the jury was sworn and jeopardy had attached, the State entered a nolle prosequi as to those counts which laid the offense on the 8th and 10th of February. The court below was requested to instruct, but refused to instruct the jury that since a nolle prosequi had been entered as to those counts charging the offense to have been committed on the 8th and 10th days of February, the two latter days could not be considered by the jury, for as to the offenses on those days defendant stood acquit. Held error, to refuse such- instruction.
The ease of State v. Headrick, supra, has been correctly and aptly epitomized by Beow-N, J., in the other case cited by counsel (State v. Hess, snpra): “The case of State v. Headrick, 179 Mo. 300, does not sustain the theory of defendant. In the Headrick case, both counts of the indictment charged exactly the same offense, to-wit, assault with intent to kill; and it was held that a verdict finding the defendant, not guilty under one count and guilty under the other, could not stand. Here, we have a different situation. The charge of burning the goods with intent to defraud the insurance companies' was a different accusation
If the first count in the instant case had charged precisely the same offense, perpetrated, or so charged to be, by identically the same means, there would be a fair basis for defendant’s contention. For’ there is one well-considered case in this State which so holds. He is charged in the first count with obtaining a “warrant of the value of twenty dollars,” and in the second count with obtaining “twenty dollars, lawful money of the United States.” The rule contended for by defendant would have the inevitable effect of precluding a pleader in a murder case, where the cause or means or the instrument of death is in doubt, from charging on more th^n one count. The well-settled practice is otherwise, and cases need not be cited to support it.
Defendant’s learned counsel strenuously urges that there is a variance between the charge as contained in the second count and. the proof adduced to support
It may well be doubted, whether upon the facts in evidence, this contention has any merit. The testimony shows that the voucher (called by some of the witnesses, and in the first count of the indictment, a “warrant”) was prepared in the office of the city auditor; there stamped “City Auditor’s Office, surrendered;” that the voucher, with the receipt appended was then passed by the auditor’s office to the office of the city treasurer, where the defendant called when he came to be paid; that he signed the appended receipt, wrote his name in the form of an indorsement on the back of the voucher, and got the twenty dollars in question. The voucher was paid on the same day it
From these facts, we are impelled to the conclusion that the delivery of the voucher to the defendant, if it was ever physically delivered to him, was but a mere detail of the manner in which he obtained the twenty dollars in question. That it all was, in a sense, but a part of the res gestae.
But, however that may be, we need not speculate. If defendant was prejudiced, such hurt accrued to him by reason of a variance. The statute requires that matters of alleged variance shall be called to the attention of the trial court. [Sec. 5114, R. S. 1909.] This was nowhere done by defendant. He raises this objection for the first time in his brief. Throughout the record by his objections, he not once raises this point, nor does he advert to it in his motion for a new trial. In order to rely upon the point here, it was incumbent on defendant to call the matter of the alleged variance to the trial court’s attention. [State v. Ballard, 104 Mo. 637; State v. Dale, 141 Mo. 284.] Having neglected so to do, we are not bound to consider it now, the more so, since we cannot find from the facts that defendant’s rights were prejudiced by reason of the alleged variance, when we look at the whole evidence in the case.
If it be said that proximity in time of the other acts of similar sort shown, take the instant ease out of the rule, the answer might well be that defendant is here shown to have been guilty of the same offense each time an opportunity presented itself.
(2) It is strenuously contended that the State was permitted to go far outside of the examination in chief of defendant in cross-examining him. The record discloses that this is true. The wholly unnecessary
“Ton also handed Mr. Tanssig this bill for the purchase of a black horse from Mr. Sheehan?
“Ton did tell Mr. Troll, along about January, that in the event that he was questioned about when he got the horse, to say it was in June, 1910?”
To these questions, and others of similar sort, defendant was compelled to answer, over the timely and proper objections of his counsel. *
All of these matters are fully, at length and in detail set out in the signed confession of the defendant. He had, in his examination in chief, been asked fully as to his duties; his hours of labor; his ownership of horses; his hiring of horses from Sheehan and Keator; his loss of a horse in June, 1909, by the breaking of a leg; his borrowing of or joint use of a horse with McNamara; finally, being asked: “ Q. Was there any time during your service that you didn’t have a horse at your call and use? A. No, sir.” Relative to matters occurring at the time of his making the confession offered, defendant was asked in his examination in chief:
“Q. Finally, they brought you up one day to Mr. Taussig’s office? Do you remember going there the second time? A. Tes, sir.
“Q. Who was up there? A. Mr. Taussig, Mr. Jacobs and Mr. Plowes.
‘ ‘ Q. The man who was sitting here the other day? A. Tes, sir.
“Q. What occurred up there — I will ask you first what watch you were on at that time? A. The evening watch.
“Q. Well, what occurred up there? A. They called me in and asked me in regard to my horse — ■ to provide a horse for the city.
“Q. Who asked you? A. Mr. Howes.
*637 “Q. Did anybody 'else ask yon any questions? A. Yes, sir; Mr. Tanssig and Mr. Jacobs.
“Q. How long did that inquisition last?
“Mr. Rudolph: I object to that, your Honor.
“Mr. Gernez (resuming'examination): Q. How long did this inquisition last. A. About five or six hours.
‘ ‘ Q. And at the end of it, this written statement, this typewritten statement was drawn up ? Who drew that statement up? A. I believe Mr. Jacobs and Mr. Howes were both writing on it.
“Q. You saw it done? A. One would ask me a question and the other would copy it down, and then the other would ask me a question and the other would copy it down.
“Q. Did you use this language that is in here: ‘I wish to confess that E. K. McNamara and I have been guilty of defrauding the city of St. Louis of the sum of four hundred dollars? A. No, sir, I never said that.
“Q. Who put that in there? A. I don’t know.
“Q. Did you ever use this: ‘I have made this confession voluntarily,’ in that language? A. No, sir.
“Q. Who put that in there? A. No, sir, I don’t know that.
“Q. Did you read it? A. I glanced over it, but I never read it.
“Q. What hour w;as this finished? A. About eleven o’clock at night.
“Q. You got up there about five o’clock and stayed in there about six hours? A. Yes^ sir.
“Q. Had you had any sleep the night before? A. No, sir.
“Q. And under those circumstances, you signed that paper? A. Yes, sir; that is right.”
It will be seen that defendant was questioned as to the things done at the meeting of himself with
If his case was not prejudiced by his answers, the action of the court was not reversible error. [State v. Brooks, 92 Mo. l. c. 582; State v. Beaucleigh, 92 Mo. 490; State v. Douglass, 81 Mo. 231.] Nor can defendant complain if he opened the door for these questions by his chief examination, or if (as we think) they were necessarily embraced in such examination
Y. The further contention is made that the instructions of the court were “erroneous, inconsistent and diametrically opposed to each other.” We' are not furnished with detailed specifications showing the precise basis for the error alleged. We gather
Other minor-complaints have been fully examined, and finding nowhere in the case reversible error, we are of opinion the case should be affirmed, and it is so ordered. Brown, P. J., and Walicer, J., concur.