State v. FanguyState v. Fanguy
The defendant, Philip Fanguy, was indicted on May 14, 1991, by the Vermilion Parish Grand Jury on the following charges:
(1) Oral sexual battery, in violation of
La. R.S. 14:43.3 .(2) Intimidation of a witness, in violation of
La.R.S. 14:129.1(A) .(3) Four counts of molestation of a juvenile, in violation of
La.R.S. 14:81.2 .(4) Four counts of incest, in violation of
La.R.S. 14:78 .
After a three day trial ending on July 29, 1993, the jury found the defendant guilty of two counts of incest in violation of
FACTS
The victim of these crimes, Amy Fanguy, is the biological daughter of the defendant. The defendant had received custody of Amy after a divorce, from his first wife, Sandra Maddox. After the divorce the defendant raised Amy from infancy. The defendant later remarried Bonnie Sue Breedwell but they subsequently divorced.
The crimes for which the defendant was convicted occurred from November 1990 through February 1991, while the defendant and his daughter were living in a trailer in Abbeville, Louisiana. The defendant‘s actions were revealed by Amy on or about February 7, 1991, when Amy visited her former stepmother, Ms. Breedwell, in Jonesboro,
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 1
By this assignment of error, defendant argues the trial court erred in denying his Motion to Quash as the matter came to trial more than two years after the initial indictment, in violation of
The defendant was indicted by the Vermilion Parish Grand Jury on May 14, 1991. On June 13, 1991, defendant entered a written plea of not guilty which was filed into evidence on June 18, 1991. Thereafter, defendant filed a combined Motion for Discovery, Bill of Particulars and Motion for Production on July 2, 1991. In lieu of formal discovery, the State responded to defendant‘s motion by enclosing a copy of the entire file in its possession.
Trial was then set for November 3, 1992. The case did not go to trial on this date but was instead passed. On January 5, 1993, the matter was again set for trial but defense counsel made an oral request for a continuance because a witness critical to the defense was not present nor served. Defendant‘s motion was opposed by the State but was granted by the court. The matter was next scheduled for June 28, 1993, at which time defense counsel filed a Motion to Quash on the grounds that more than two years had elapsed since the time of the filing of the charges and the trial of the matter, and therefore under the provisions of
According to the time limitations set forth in
Generally, a Motion for Continuance filed by a defendant is a preliminary plea which suspends the running of the prescriptive period. Defendant in brief, however, urges that an oral motion to continue cannot
Upon written motion at any time and after contradictory hearing, the court may grant a continuance, but only upon a showing that such motion is in the interest of justice
Furthermore
A motion for a continuance based upon the absence of a witness must state:
(1) Facts to which the absent witness is expected to testify, showing the materiality of the testimony and the necessity for the presence of the witness at the trial;
(2) Facts and circumstances showing a probability that the witness will be available at the time to which the trial is deferred; and
(3) Facts showing due diligence used in an effort to procure attendance of the witness.
In State v. Washington, 407 So.2d 1138 (La.1982), the Louisiana Supreme Court, citing State v. Parsley, 369 So.2d 1292 (La. 1979), recognized that although art. 707 provides that a Motion for Continuance shall be in writing, where the occurrences that allegedly made the continuance necessary arose unexpectedly, and defense had no opportunity to prepare a written motion, then the trial judge‘s denial of defendant‘s motion for a continuance is properly before the court for review. The court in declaring that an oral motion brought about through unexpected circumstances is subject to review implies that these oral motions have some validity even in spite of the language set forth in art. 707.
Suffice it to say the trial court found the defense presented sufficient reasons to grant the defendant‘s motion to continue even in spite of the fact that it was oral and not written. The decision to grant a continuance is placed in the discretion of the trial court and will not be disturbed absent an abuse of discretion. State v. Gordy, 380 So.2d 1347 (La.1980). To now allow the defendant to make use of his own oral motion to continue, which incidentally was opposed on the record by the State, to allege a prejudicial delay in the start of trial is absurd. The defendant cannot now capitalize on his own request. Therefore, we find the trial court correctly denied the defendant‘s motion to quash. The State had no less than one year from the January 5, 1993 oral motion to continue, that being January 5, 1994, to bring this matter to trial. Since defendant‘s trial began on July 27, 1993, this assignment of error lacks merit.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 2
Defendant next argues the trial court erred in allowing Dr. Benoit to testify since the custodian of records was not furnished with an affidavit that the subpoena had also been served upon the defendant or his counsel of record within ten days before the records were to be disclosed, in violation of section (F)(1) of
In addition to any other provision of law permitting the subpoena of health care provider records, a party may obtain the health care provider records and communications defined by Paragraph (5) of Subsection A of a patient to the extent permitted by Paragraph (6) of Subsection C pursuant to a lawful subpoena, summons, or court order served upon the custodian of records of the health care provider, only if the custodian of records is furnished by the person requesting the subpoena, summons, or court order with an affidavit that such subpoena, summons, or court order has also been personally served upon the patient, or upon his counsel of record, whose records are sought at least ten days prior to the date on which the records are to be disclosed, and the custodian of records for the health care provider has not received notice that the patient has taken appropriate legal action to restrain the release of the records.
Defendant argues the whole intent and purpose of this statute is to allow a patient the opportunity to be placed on notice that his
B. In any proceeding concerning the abuse or neglect or sexual abuse of a child or the cause of such condition, evidence may not be excluded on any ground of privilege, except in the case of communications between an attorney and his client or between a priest, rabbi, duly ordained minister or Christian Science practitioner and his communicant.
Even assuming there was a technical error in not giving the custodian of records notice ten days before their disclosure, the defendant suffered no prejudice especially in light of the fact that he admitted to having access to Dr. Benoit‘s report through discovery. This assignment of error lacks merit.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 3
Defendant next argues the trial court erred in allowing Dr. Benoit to testify as to the guilt or innocence of the defendant in violation of
Defendant asserts that when Dr. Benoit gave his diagnostic impression of the defendant, as a pedophile, opposite sex, limited to sex of the non-exclusive type, he in essence gave his opinion that defendant was of the nature to commit the crime of incest on his young daughter. Defendant argues that by allowing Dr. Benoit to testify concerning his impression of the defendant this was tantamount to allowing Dr. Benoit to give his opinion as to the ultimate issue in the case.
At trial, Dr. Benoit, who was accepted as an expert in the field of psychology, testified that he conducted a battery of objective tests on the defendant. Additionally, Dr. Benoit related the subjective factors he found pertinent in reaching his diagnosis. Dr. Benoit testified that during his interview the defendant told him that he had been accused of molesting his daughter but denied the allegations. However, Dr. Benoit stated the defendant told him that he had engaged in activities which included contact with his daughter‘s genitals in ways that Dr. Benoit considered to be quite inappropriate. The defendant told Dr. Benoit he trimmed his daughter‘s pubic hair at her request because she was unwilling to allow her aunt to help her with the problem. He further stated that when trimming her pubic hair he noticed that her genital area was not clean, and admitted to parting her labia in order to inspect her genital area and then told her to bathe. The defendant claimed that when he observed that Amy could not properly clean herself he admitted to washing her vagina with a washcloth in order to demonstrate the proper method of doing so.
Dr. Benoit testified that in relaying this information the defendant seemed to be unaware that his behavior was inappropriate indicating to Dr. Benoit at the very least that
Dr. Benoit testified that as a result of the objective battery of tests as well as the subjective history gleaned from the defendant, he was able to form an opinion of the defendant‘s behavioral profile which led to his final diagnostic impression of the defendant as a “pedophilia, sexual contact with a child, opposite sex, limited to incest of the non-exclusive type.”
Testimony in the form of an opinion or inference otherwise admissible is not to be excluded solely because it embraces an ultimate issue to be decided by the trier of fact. However, in a criminal case, an expert witness shall not express an opinion as to the guilt or innocence of the accused.
In State v. Dawson, 392 So.2d 445 (La.1980), rehearing denied (1981), the Louisiana Supreme Court citing State v. Mallett, 357 So.2d 1105 (La.1978), noted that given the proper foundation, an expert witness might state whether a defendant has the psychological capacity to commit a particular crime. The following colloquy that took place during the defense‘s cross examination of Dr. Benoit clearly shows that he gave his opinion on defendant‘s psychological capacity to commit child abuse:
Q. And, Doctor, again, I believe when Mr. Broussard asked you for an opinion, you indicated that the potential was there, correct?
A. Yes.
Q. And that‘s all you‘re really testifying is that there‘s potential?
A. That‘s right. These psychological tests cannot determine an individual‘s guilt or innocence or cannot peer into Mr. Fanguy‘s past and see what he specifically did or did not do. These tests can be used to compare to the test results of other individuals who have admitted to child sexual abuse, and the personality characteristics derived from this can be compared to the personality characteristics typically found in perpetrators of sexual abuse, but they cannot be used to determine guilt or innocence.
Thus, the jury was clearly informed that Dr. Benoit was not giving his opinion about the defendant‘s guilt or innocence. We find Dr. Benoit‘s testimony was not an expression of his opinion on the guilt of the accused but rather a permissible opinion under
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 4
Defendant next argues the trial court, improperly relying on the exception contained in
Although defendant was charged with incest, this case clearly involved the abuse of a child, the only difference being that this child happened to be the thirteen year old daughter of the defendant. Therefore, the exception contained in
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 5
By this assignment of error the defendant argues the trial court erred in allowing Susie Breedwell to testify concerning statements related to her by the victim, Amy Fanguy, since she was not the first, but rather the second, person Amy spoke to about this matter.
Defendant argues this testimony was inadmissible hearsay under
During trial Ms. Naset described what Amy had told her about her father‘s actions as follows. Ms. Naset testified Amy told her the defendant had checked her for bumps, that he had clipped her pubic hair and that the defendant‘s finger hurt her. Ms. Naset testified that upon hearing Amy‘s allegations she became upset and therefore called Ms. Breedwell, who was at work, to listen to Amy‘s complaints. Ms. Naset further testified that at no point during their conversation did Amy tell her that the defendant had sexual intercourse with her but instead told Ms. Naset it was his finger that hurt her. Amy also told Ms. Naset it had happened more than once.
Immediately following Ms. Naset‘s testimony, the State called Bonnie Sue Breedwell to testify and asked her whether Amy had related any incidents that may have occurred between her and the defendant. At that point, the defense objected to this testimony on the basis that it constituted inadmissible hearsay. The defense reasoned that the only exception the code makes relates to the initial complaint and since Ms. Naset had already testified concerning Amy‘s allegation, any other person Amy may have discussed the matter with after Ms. Naset could not testify concerning these incidents.
The State countered the defendant‘s objection, alleging that Amy told Ms. Naset about only one incident and thereafter told Ms. Breedwell about other incidents, thereby insinuating that the recounting of other incidents to Ms. Breedwell would constitute initial complaints also.
The court thereafter overruled the defendant‘s objection but allowed the defense to respond whereupon the defense recounted Ms. Naset‘s earlier testimony in which she stated that Amy told her there were other instances. The defense then reurged that under
After the defendant‘s objection, the State rephrased its question requesting that Ms. Breedwell recount any statements made by Amy concerning possible sexual intercourse with the defendant with the exception of the first occurrence. Ms. Breedwell stated that Amy informed her that on several occasions the defendant had her go into the bedroom and lay on the bed, that he hurt her and that when she told him it hurt he said he was sorry and that it would not happen again; Amy also told her this had happened up to twelve times; Amy told her the defendant said he was checking for bumps, cutting her pubic hair and that something went inside of her and hurt her; and Amy told her about several specific instances of sexual intercourse that occurred between her and the defendant.
The defendant was charged with four counts of incest. Therefore, the victim may well have been complaining of separate incidents to both Ms. Naset and Ms. Breedwell. Therefore, their testimony could be interpreted as admissible under the initial complaint exception of
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 6
Defendant next argues that during his rebuttal argument, the district attorney improperly referred to Father Gilbert Gauthé, a convicted child molester from Vermilion Parish, Louisiana. Defendant alleges this reference appealed to the prejudice of the jurors and violated
The argument shall be confined to evidence admitted, to the lack of evidence, to conclusions of fact that the state or defendant may draw therefrom, and to the law applicable to the case.
The argument shall not appeal to prejudice.
The state‘s rebuttal shall be confined to answering the argument of the defendant.
During his rebuttal argument the district attorney stated:
Mr. Melebeck also said, why did Amy not tell her mother, Ms. Maddox, when she went to visit her in late December and early January, why didn‘t she tell her what her father was doing to her. Well, I‘m sure you‘re all familiar with Father Gauthier and what he did to those young boys. Those young boys—
At that point the defense attorney, Mr. Melebeck, objected and the trial judge sustained the objection. The defense attorney also requested that an admonition be given instructing the jury to disregard the remark. The trial judge complied with this request and instructed the jury to disregard the last remark.
Defendant argues that since this case involved an issue similar to that found in the Gauthé case and went far beyond the scope of either the testimony at trial or the defense‘s closing remarks, it was totally improper. Defendant also asserts that although he asked for and received an admonition from the judge informing the jury to disregard the remark, the admonition was not sufficient and contributed to the verdict.
The State, on the other hand, alleges this was not an appeal to the jurors’ sympathies but rather an attempt to show that youthful victims of sexual abuse rarely report such incidents. The State urges that defense counsel knows, contrary to what he would have this court believe, that the reference to Father Gauthé was intended only to rebut the defendant‘s suggestion in closing argument that if the victim were sexually assaulted, she would have reported it immediately. The State notes this is consistent with the language of
It is possible that the State might have been answering the defendant‘s argument by mentioning Father Gauthé. However, this cannot be verified as the prosecutor was cut off in mid-sentence by the defense objection which was thereafter sustained by the trial judge. In the present case, the defense specifically requested that an admonition be given to the jury to disregard the remark and the trial judge complied. We find this admonition cured any possible error that may have been caused by the prosecutor‘s mention of Father Gauthé. Moreover, a jury verdict of guilty will not be reversed due to an improper closing argument unless it can be shown that the prejudicial remark so inflamed the jury that the remark influenced the jury and contributed to the verdict of guilty. State v. Williams, 447 So.2d 495, 500 (La.App. 3d Cir.), writ denied, 450 So.2d 969 (La.1984). There is no showing that the mere reference to Father Gauthé so inflamed the jury that it influenced the jury‘s verdict, especially in light of the overwhelming evidence against the defendant. This assignment of error lacks merit.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR No. 7
Defendant next argues the trial court erred in allowing Dr. James Moncrief, a pediatric
At trial, Dr. Moncrief testified that he had been employed as an examiner for the Lincoln Parish Department of Human Services for cases of sexual abuse for the past ten or so years. Dr. Moncrief also testified that he had been qualified and testified in courts in the State of Louisiana as an expert in sexual abuse cases on three prior occasions. Dr. Moncrief stated that in well over one hundred cases he had performed gynecological examinations on female children for the Department of Social Services to determine whether they had been sexually abused. Additionally, Dr. Moncrief confirmed that he had taken continuing education courses which included courses on the sexual abuse of minor children. We find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in qualifying Dr. Moncrief as a credible expert in the present case. This assignment of error lacks merit.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 8
By this assignment of error, defendant alleges his conviction was contrary to the law and evidence since the State failed to prove every element of the crime of incest beyond a reasonable doubt.
In essence, the defense argues that since Amy Fanguy was unsure whether her father had inserted his finger or his penis into her vagina at the time of the crime, the State was unable to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that it was in fact his penis that penetrated Amy. Therefore, the defense alleges the State failed to prove an act of sexual intercourse which in turn means that the State failed to sufficiently set forth the essential elements of the crime of incest.
The crime of incest is defined in
... marriage to, or sexual intercourse with, any ascendant or descendant, brother or sister, uncle or niece, aunt or nephew, with knowledge of their relationship.
When the issue of sufficiency of evidence is raised on appeal, the critical inquiry of the reviewing court is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560, rehearing denied, 444 U.S. 890, 100 S.Ct. 195, 62 L.Ed.2d 126 (1979); State ex rel. Graffagnino v. King, 436 So.2d 559, at 563 (La.1983); State v. Duncan, 420 So.2d 1105 (La.1982); State v. Moody, 393 So.2d 1212 (La.1981). It is the role of the fact finder to weigh the respective credibility of the witnesses, and therefore the appellate court should not second guess the credibility determination of the trier of fact beyond the sufficiency evaluations under the Jackson standard of review. See State ex rel. Graffagnino, supra, citing State v. Richardson, 425 So.2d 1228 (La.1983).
In order for the State to obtain a conviction, it must prove the elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.
At trial, Amy testified that the defendant had sexual intercourse with her. She further testified that she saw the defendant pull up his pants after she told him he was hurting her and that when she felt something go inside of her vagina, she saw that the defendant had one hand on her stomach and one hand on her leg. Amy also testified that after her father left the room she noticed that there was blood everywhere and that “some white kind of stuff; come or something” was on her stomach, legs and in between her leg area. Amy also recalled that about two weeks after this incident her father again had sex with her. Amy testified that he told her to go into his bedroom, and he pulled her off of the bed and went from standing up into a squatting position and had sex with her. Amy stated she told the defendant he was hurting her and he said he was sorry and got up and walked out. Amy testified that the defendant also had sex with her on another occasion in early January of 1991. She stated the defendant came into the bathroom with her and told her to lay down on his bed and again had sex with her. Amy also testified that on January 30, 1991, the defendant took her into his bedroom, pulled her halfway off of the bed and had sex with her again.
After viewing the evidence, both direct and circumstantial, in a light most favorable to the State, we find sufficient evidence was presented to convince a rational trier of fact beyond a reasonable doubt of defendant‘s guilt. This assignment of error lacks merit.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm defendant‘s conviction and sentence.
AFFIRMED.