19 Kan. 546 | Kan. | 1878
The opinion of the court was delivered by
This action was brought by the county attorney of Allen county in favor of the state, for the purpose of having a judicial finding of fact that the conditions of the
This case involves the construction of sections 7 and 16 of article 14 of ch. 122, laws of 1876, pages 282, 284. Said section 7 reads as follows:
“Any person purchasing said land shall pay to the treasurer of the county in which the same is situate, one-tenth of the amount of the purchase-money, taking therefor a receipt which he shall present to the county clerk, together’w;j¿/¡, a bond in double the amount of the purchase-money unpaid, conditioned that he will not commit waste upon said land, and that he will pay the balance of said purchase-money in ten years, and interest thereon at ten per cent, per annum, as the same becomes due; provided, that the purchaser may pay the balance of the purchase-money at any time, or in installments of not less than twenty-five dollars each.”
Section 16 reads as follows:
“Any purchaser failing, to pay the annual interest when the same becomes due, or the balance of the purchase-money when it becomes due, shall forfeit all right to the land from the time of said failure of payment, and the county attorney*548 shall proceed to eject him from said premises, if in possession.”
On the one hand it is claimed, that this last section is a legislative declaration of forfeiture in advance, and that, if the purchaser fails to make payment at the stipulated time, ipso facto the land is absolutely forfeited; and on the other, that it is optional whether to claim a forfeiture, or to waive it and proceed upon the bond to collect the purchase-money; and that the county attorney, as the legal representative of the state in this behalf, may make the election, and that as the power of election exists there is absolutely no forfeiture until after the election and a judicial determination. Much is said in the arguments as to the comparative advantages and cost to the state school fund of these respective constructions of the statute; but such considerations as these are principally for the legislature, and. not for the courts. It cannot be doubted that the legislature has the power to adopt either course. It can make the forfeiture absolute upon the mere fact of non-payment, or it may leave the matter open for further decision, and retain an election to pursue its remedy upon the bond, or obtain a judicial declaration of a forfeiture. It is not therefore a question of power, but one of construction. What did the legislature intend ? and what is the fair import of the language used? It seems to us clear that there is a legislative declaration of forfeiture in advance, and that upon the happening of the event the forfeiture occurs, and no judicial proceeding is necessary to determine it. The language of the statute is clear, positive, and peremptory. “Any purchaser failing * * * shall forfeit.” And the duty cast upon the county attorney is equally clear and positive, not to seek a judicial determination of the forfeiture, not to foreclose any equitable mortgage, or to collect the bond, but to eject the purchaser if in possession. And ejectment implies full title in the plaintiff, and no rights in the defendant. It implies a forfeiture already existing, and not one to be declared. The authorities support this view. In Borland v. Lewis, 43 Cal.
But here the statute gives no alternative. A forfeiture is positively declared. But one thing is forfeited. And a single duty is imposed upon the county attorney in case of such forfeiture. The cases cited by the state, ánd upon which counsel chiefly rely, are not in point. Schulenberg v. Harriman, 21 Wall. 44, to which our especial attention is called, simply decides, that “no one can take advantage of the non-performance of a condition subsequent annexed to an estate in fee but the grantor, or his heirs or successors, and if they do not see fit to assert their right to enforce a forfeiture on that ground the title remains unimpaired in the grantee.” But here the condition is precedent, and not subsequent, and no estate in fee ever passed. Of similar import are most of the other authorities cited.
We see no error in the ruling of the district court, and the judgment must be affirmed.