Aftеr trial to the court the defendant was convicted of second degree arson and sentenced to imprisonment for 1 to 3 years. He has appealed and сontends that the trial court erred in allowing the State to endorse the names of additional witnesses on the information after the trial had begun, that the evidence is not suffiсient to sustain the finding of guilty, and that the sentence imposed is excessive.
The defendant was charged with starting a fire in a storage building at the Chief Motel in McCook, Nebraska, on May 19, 1984. The damage resulting from the fire was nearly $63,000. The defendant had been employed at the motel for more than 4 years as a maintenance man. Approximately 1 week before the fire, he was discharged after guests at the motel had complained of indecent exposure by the defendant.
Peggy Calvin, an employee of the motel and the daughter of the owners, testified that she saw the defendant at the west door of a building about 50 yards west of the warehouse just before *781 the fire. She saw him loоk around, move to the north of the building, and then look to the warehouse. The defendant did not have permission to enter the grounds or any of the motel buildings after he had beеn discharged.
The defendant was questioned by the police on two separate occasions regarding his presence on the motel property. The first time, hе denied being on the premises that day. He also stated that he did not smoke and that the matchbook found in his pocket, from which three matches were missing, was carried for the use of other people. The next day, when questioned again, the defendant admitted that he had been at the motel on the previous day at 1:30 p.m. He said he hаd gone there to retrieve some personal property, found the warehouse locked and no one around, so he went home.
Central issues at the trial were the cause of the fire and the defendant’s motive and access to the warehouse. The State argued that the defendant had a motive because of his recent discharge and had access because during the course of his employment he had keys to all of the buildings and had access to a key-making machine. The defendant argues that evidence of motive alone is insufficient because there was no direct proof that he actually had keys to the warehouse or was inside it on the day of the fire.
The evidence concerning the source of the fire was in sharp conflict. Miriam Berke, a deputy state fire marshal, testified that, in her opinion, the fire was the result of arson. Fire Chief Patrick Simpson also testified that, in his opinion, the fire was the result of arson and could not have been caused by natural causes. Both investigators noticed an unusual scent in the area where the fire started, which was reminiscent of paint thinner or ammonia, and the presence of a shiny substance. They both concluded the fire was started when someone poured a combustible liquid on materials in the area and ignited it with a match or lighter. The time of ignition was estimated tо have been 1:25-l :30 p.m. on May 19,1984.
An expert witness called by the defendant disputed the State’s theories concerning the origin and source of the fire. Michael Auten, a forеnsic chemist, testified that he found no evidence of an accelerant in any samples taken from the *782 warehouse. However, he could not state that the tests he conducted would conclusively prove whether or not an accelerant was present at the fire. A second witness, Thomas Smith, testified that, in his opinion, the fire had started earlier than the State’s estimate of 1:30 p.m. Upon cross-examination, however, he admitted that he had not personally examined the site, and if his assumptions concerning the type of wood and char depth were incorrect, then his estimate was incorrect.
The defendant relies on
State
v.
Workman,
In Keeton a strong odor of gasoline was present during the fire. The defendant’s car was seen in front of the house 20 minutes before the fire was discovered, and the defendant was seen walking from the house. A funnel and rubber hose were found in his car, and the presence of hydrocarbons was verified by chemical analysis. The conviction was affirmed.
In this case the defendant was seen near the warehouse shortly before the fire was discovered. Two investigators testified that an odor and residue indicating the presence of an accelerant were apparent immediately after the fire. Further, the investigators ruled out natural causes and formulated an opinion as to the cause of the fire. Therefore, Workman and Keeton are not on рoint with this case, and the trial court was correct in overruling defendant’s motions to dismiss. Further, the trial court heard the testimony and evaluated its credibility in reaching the verdict. Neither Workman nor Keeton is controlling.
The evidence in this case was at least in part circumstantial. Circumstantial evidence is sufficient if the evidence and reasonable inferences that may be drawn from the evidence establish the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. State v.
Buchanan,
“[T]his court [will not] resolve conflicts in the evidence, pass on the credibility of witnesses, determine the plausibility of-explanations, or weigh the evidence. Such matters are for the trier of faсt, and the verdict must be sustained if, taking the view most favorable to the State, there is sufficient evidence to support it.”
State v. Rolling,
The evidence of the State was sufficient, if believеd, to establish the essential elements of arson: (1) the burning of property, (2) by a criminal act.
State v. Workman, supra; State
v.
Keeton, supra; Harms v. State,
Under Neb. Rev. Stat. § 29-1602 (Reissue 1985), a trial court may, in its discretion, permit the names of аdditional witnesses to be endorsed after the information has been filed. The purpose of the statute is to notify the defendant as to witnesses who may testify against him and give him аn opportunity to investigate them.
State v. Keith,
If the testimony of the witness was not damaging to the defendant, permitting the additional endorsement was not prejudicial.
State v. Keith, supra.
As a general rule, rebuttal witnesses need not be endorsed on the information.
State v.
*784
Esluer,
The witnesses whose names were endorsed on the information after the trial had begun were Mike Allerton and S.I. Rasmussen. Allerton’s testimony was limited and foundational in nature and described the security of the building after the fire. The defendant had been notified that Allerton would be called as a witness. The second witness, Rasmussen, testified solely as a rebuttal witness. His testimony concerned matters contained in a report, а copy of which had been sent to the defendant.
The record fails to show that the defendant was prejudiced by the endorsement of the additional witnesses. The trial сourt offered to continue the trial, but the defendant elected to proceed. Under these circumstances there was no prejudicial error.
The penalty for second degree arson, a Class III felony, is imprisonment for 1 to 20 years, a $25,000 fine, or both. Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 28-503(1) and (3), and 28-105(1) (Reissue 1985). The sentence imposed was well within the statutory limits.
Arson is a serious crime and frequently involves a risk of serious harm or death. In this case there were no injuries, but the fire caused a substantial property loss. Under all of the circumstances, we believe the trial court did not abuse its discretion in sentencing the defendant to imprisonment for 1 to 3 years.
The judgment is affirmed.
Affirmed.