73 Md. 97 | Md. | 1890
delivered the opinion of the Court.
The two corporations proceeded against by the State, under sections 255, 256, 251 and 258, of Article 23, of the Code, prescribing the remedies for abuse or misuse of corporate powers and franchises, were incorporated under the general incorporation law of the State, Article 23, of the Code, as musical, literary and social clubs. Both corporations are of Talbot County, — the one located at the town of Easton, in the first Election District, and the other at the town of St. Michael’s, in the second Election District, of that county. In both of these election districts the law, known as the Local Option Law, is, and has been for several years past, in operation, which prohibits the sale of spirituous or fermented liquors. The charge of abuse and misuse of corporate franchises against these corporations is, that they have been selling spirituous and fermented liquors in violation of the law.
In the answers to the petitions filed by the State, the corporations state and set forth—
“ That the said club is conducted for the use of the members only, to provide for their, rational entertainment and amusement; that it transacts no business whatsoever for the purpose of making any profit directly or indirectly for itself or its members, and that the income derived from the various sources hereinafter enumerated is applied solely to defraying the expenses of the corporation. That the sources of income are as follows:
“1st. The entrance fee of three dollars for each new member. 2nd. Such monthly dues as shall be assessed by the board of governors each month. 3rd. Money paid by members for what refreshments, liquors and cigars they obtain for their personal use at the club house. 4th. Such additional assessments, fines and penalties as may be, from time to time, imposed upon the members.
“The money received from these various sources is . expended in paying the current expenses of the corporation; and the first three enumerated claims of sources of income have never been sufficient to pay such current expenses without the fourth.
“ That the spirituous and fermented liquors above referred to are bought by the corporation and kept in the
These paragraphs in each of the answers were demurred to by the State, and the demurrer was overruled; and, upon verdicts rendered upon certain issues of fact, other than the facts stated in the paragraphs of the answer’s demurred to, judgments were entered dismissing the petitions.
1. Whether the facts admitted by the answers demurred to present a case of abuse or misuse of the corporate privileges and franchises, such as furnish a legal cause of forfeiture, depends upon the question, whether the furnishing of spirituous and fermented liquors by the steward or manager of the club to the members thereof, upon the payment of prices fixed by the regulation of the corporation, constituted sales of such liquor in violation of law?
This question, whether the furnishing of liquor by a club to its members, as above stated, constitutes a sale in violation of law, has been the subject of various and conflicting decisions of several of the appellate State Courts of the country. And when the question was presented to this Court, in the case of the Chesapeake Club
That the revenues received by the club from the various sources mentioned in the answers, become the property of the corporation, would seem to be too plain to admit of a doubt. It is with this fund, or a part of it, that the liquors are bought by the corporation, and they are kept as the property of the corporation, under its control, to be disposed of at prices fixed by it. None but members, it is true, can obtain the liquor, but they can only obtain it by paying for it; and the money thus paid goes into and constitutes a part of the funds of the corporation. The parties are competent to contract one with the other, — there being no principle to forbid a member of a corporation from contracting withor»becoming a purchaser of property from the corporate body as a legal entity. And that being so, the course of dealing as between the corporation and its individual members, as stated in the answers, present all the elements of an executed contract. The corporation being the owner of the liquor, through its appointed agent, delivers it to the member of the corporation on his request, and receives a fixed compensation in money therefor. The property in the liquor passes to and becomes vested in the individual member, and the money paid is received
The cases which have been decided upon the view we take in this case, and hold as we do here, are Martin vs.
The case of Seim, et al. vs. The State, 55 Md., 566, has been much relied upon by the counsel for the appellees, hut the distinguishing features of that case were adverted to in the Chesapeake Club Case, supra; and we do not think the case of Seim at all controlling in the decision of this case. In that case the party was indicted for selling and disposing of beer on Sunday; and it was supposed that because the license laws had never been construed to apply to social, clubs, that therefore the law restraining the sale and disposition of liquor on Sunday was not intended to apply to them. But no such reasoning can apply in this ease. Here the law is an unqualified prohibition to every one within the districts mentioned; and there can be no pretense that social clubs, such as the defendants in this case, were intended to be exempted from the operation of the law.
The law having been violated by the defendants, the question is, whether such violation, or rather habitual violations of law, and of duty to the public, constitute such abuse and misuse of corporate powers and franchises, as to furnish legal cause for the forfeiture of the franchises and the annulment of the charter of the corporation. And of this we entertain no doubt. A corporation can no more violate a law with impunity than an individual can; and if the unlawful acts be of a nature to be detrimental to the public, and be done by and for the corporation, by its authorized agents, there is such abuse
Having thus determined that legal cause of forfeiture has been shown, this Court, on these appeals, can do nothing more than reverse the judgments of the Court below, dismissing the petitions filed by the State, and remand the cases for further proceedings in that Court. It will be for that Court, under the statute, to take all further proceedings that may be necessary to bring the cases to a close and final judgment. If the charters^ be annulled and vacated, the Court will thereupon appoint receivers of the assets of the corporations, as directed by section 258 of Article 23 of the Code. And by section 260 of that Article, it is provided that “if the Court shall determine that legal' cause of forfeiture has been shoAvn, it may, in its discretion, before passing a final decree of forfeiture, pass orders requiring the said corporation, within a limited time to be therein fixed, to remedy the grievance complained of, and may suspend the passage of the final decree of forfeiture until the time so fixed, and may afterwards refuse to pass such decree, if' the grievance shall have been remedied by the time so fixed.”
We shall therefore reverse the judgments dismissing the petitions, and remand the cases that further proceedings may ,be taken in accordance with the provisions of the- statute.
Judgments reversed, and cases remanded.