State v. Earle
292 A.2d 2
N.J.
1972
Check Treatment
Pee Cueiam.

Defendant was convicted of atrocious assault and battery. The Appellate Division reversеd, 112 N. J. Super. 523 (1970), and we granted the State’s petition for certification. 57 N. J. 602 (1971). We delayed decision in this case for the reason that ‍​‌​​​‌‌‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​‌‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​​​​​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌​​‌‍the decisive issue was before the United States Supreme Court.

Defendant, in custody on another charge, was identified by the victim of the crime here involved. The Appellate Division held that United States v. Wade, 388 U. S. 218, 87 S. Ct. 1926, 18 L. Ed. 2d 1149 (1967), and Gilbert v. Cali *552 fornia, 388 U. S. 263, 87 S. Ct. 1951, 18 L. Ed. 2d 1178 (1967), required that counsel be furnished defendant in connection with the confrontation, and nonе having been furnished here, the conviction had to be reversed.

Wade and Gilbert involved post-indictment lineups. They hеld the Sixth Amendment right to counsel obtained ‍​‌​​​‌‌‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​‌‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​​​​​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌​​‌‍in those circumstances. There followed considerablе controversy as to whether the Wade-Gilbert exclusionary rule applied only to a post-indictment identification. See State v. Mustacchio, 57 N. J. 265 (1970). The case to which we referred in the opening paragraph above is Kirby v. Illinois, 405 U. S. -, 92 S. Ct. 1877, 32 L. Ed. 2d 411 (1972). There the majority ‍​‌​​​‌‌‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​‌‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​​​​​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌​​‌‍of the Supreme Court held the Wade-Gilbert rule did not apply to an identification which took рlace before the commencement of the prosecution of the defendant. Thus the Aрpellate Division erred in its reading of Wade-Gilbert or in its forecast of what those cases portended.

We add that although counsel need not be present in these circumstances, enforcement authorities should nonetheless make a complete rеcord of an identification procedure if it is feasible to do so, to the end that the event may be reconstructed in the testimony. The identity of persons participating in a lineup should be reсorded, and a picture should be taken if it can be. If the identification is made or attempted on the basis of photographs, a record should be made of the photographs exhibited. We dо not say a failure hereafter to follow such procedures will itself invalidate an identification, but such an omission, if not explained, should be weighed in deciding upon the probative value of the identification, out-of-court and in-court.

The remaining question is whether the confrontation between dеfendant and the victim was “so unnecessarily ‍​‌​​​‌‌‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​‌‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​​​​​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌​​‌‍suggestive and conducive to irreparable mistaken idеntification” as to deny due process under Stovall v. Benno, 388 U. S. 293, 302, 87 S. Ct. 1967, 18 L. Ed. 2d 1199, 1206 (1967), or as later phrased in Simmons v. United States, 390 U. S. 377, 384, 88 S. Ct. 967, 19 L. Ed. 2d 1247, 1253 (1968), a *553 case involving photographic identification, whether the procedure was “so impermissibly suggestive as to give rise to a very substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentifieation.” The victim in the present case was a railroad patrolman nаmed Lancellotti. He surprised four men engaged in stealing from a refrigerated freight car in a railrоad yard at one o’clock in the morning. Lancellotti said he had a good, illuminated view of the dеfendant. Lancellotti was shown about 200 “mug” shots. Every trespasser on railroad property was checked against the description Lancellotti gave. Lancellotti confronted at least 15 men arrested in the area, and viewed over 100 vagrants who frequented it. He identified none of the men thus рictured in mug shots or viewed in person. Defendant was not among them.

About seven months after the crime here involved, a railroad security guard arrested defendant, who was trespassing on the same property. Defendant answered the description Lancellotti had given, and he had attempted to strike the guard. Lancellotti went to the precinct where three men of the same race were in a cell. One was the defendant. Lancellotti identified him as his attacker.

We see no denial of due process in these facts. Lancellotti knew that a man in custody might or might not have been the offender. It was not intimated to him that the suspect was implicated in this crime by other proof. The Aрpellate Division pointed out that the three men were different in appearance and that Lancellotti had received a description of the suspect before he viewed the men. But Lancellotti thereby knew only that ‍​‌​​​‌‌‌​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​‌‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​​​​​‌​​​‌‌‌​‌​​‌‍the suspect resembled in some particulars the man he himself had described after the attack. Surely it cannot be said that due process is offended whenеver a description of a suspect is given to the victim in advance of the identification, and indеed here notwithstanding that the description simply accords with the description the victim had furnished. We сannot assume the victim will be less than conscientious on that ac *554 count, and we cannot say there abides in those circumstances a likelihood that the victim will be unwittingly led into a misidentiñcation. Lanсellotti said he made the identification on the basis of his own recollection. That testimony was credible. Lancellotti was hardly suggestible; he had not identified any of several hundred others who were sufficiently suspect to be viewed by him. Due process was not offended by the admission of his testimony. State v. Mus tacchio, supra, 57 N. J. 265.

There is nо merit in the other points advanced by defendant.

The judgment of the Appellate Division is reversed and the judgment of conviction is affirmed.

For reversal—Uhief Justice Weinteaub and Justices Jacobs, Feancis, Pkoctok, Hall, Schettino and Mountain—7.

For affirmance—Hone.