State v. DuswaltState v. Duswalt
Defendant appeals her conviction for drunken driving on two grounds: (1) that there was an absence of territorial jurisdiction in the municipal courts involved in the prosecution, and (2) that her sentence of three months in the county jail, which was mandatory (for
I
The offense took place November 21, 1975 in the Township of Eagleswood (Ocean County) which did not at that time have a municipal court. The summons issued by the State Police to defendant was captioned in the Municipal Court of the Borough of Tuckerton. That court being without the territorial jurisdiction required for courts hearing complaints of motor vehicle violations under
On November 24, 1976 defendant was tried de novo in the Ocean County Court on the municipal court transcript, and on December 23, 1976 defendant was again found guilty and the sаme penalties were imposed. The sentence has been stayed pending appeal.
Subject to the right to be prosecuted by indictment, if any court is without jurisdiction of the subject matter of an action or issue therein or if there hаs been an inability to serve a party without whom the action cannot proceed as provided by
R. 4:28-1 , it shall, on motion or on its own initiative, order the action, with the record and all papers on file, transferred to the proper court, if any, in the State. The action shall then be proceeded upon as if it had been originally commenced in that court.
The rule was patently applicable here. Defendant argues to the contrary, however, on the basis that the Tuckerton court was not without “subject matter” jurisdiction but rather without “territorial” jurisdiction, in which situation, so goes the contention, the power to transfer under the rule is absent. The distinction drawn has no substanсe, at least for present purposes. There is no reason to believe that the intent of the rule, which tracks the language of “The Transfer of Causes Act,” L. 1912, c. 233, see In re Old Colony Coal Co., 49 N.J. Super. 117, 124-125 (App. Div. 1958), in its reference to subject matter jurisdiction, was not comprehensive enough to include absence of territorial jurisdiction. Obviously the salutary object of preventing the miscаrriage of an action or proceeding because instituted in the wrong court is as applicable where the jurisdictional defect is lack of territorial jurisdictiоn as in case of any other kind of subject matter deficiency. Compare State v. Henry, 56 N.J. Super. 1, 10-11 (App. Div. 1959); State v. Vreeland, 53 N.J. Super. 169, 173-174 (App. Div. 1958).
Defendant also cites In re Old Colony Coal Co., supra, for the proposition that a court without subject matter jurisdiction is powerless to take any step whatever in the cause, even to transfer it to a court possessing jurisdiction. But the case by no means so holds. It decides only that a court without subject mattеr jurisdiction may not make a determination
Finally, in this regard, defendant urges the transfers were void because of the requirement of
II
Defendant contends she was entitled to be sentenced under the more lenient penalty provisions of the amendment of the law effected by L. 1977, c. 29 — relying particularly on § 7 of that act. The section provides:
In any case pending on or initiated after the effective date of this act involving an offense committed prior to such date, the court, with the consent of the defendant, shall impose sentence under the provisions of this act. If the defendant does not consent to the imposition of sentence under the provisions of the act, the court shall impose sentence under the law which was in effect at the time of the commission of the offense.
The position advanced is that a “case pending” includes one under аppeal although conviction, including sentence, has already taken place. Neither the ordinary meaning of the term, “case pending,” nor a fair reading оf all the relevant provisions of chapter 29, taken in entirety, supports the thesis.
That § 7 of chapter 29 did not intend its provisions to apply where sentence had bеen pronounced prior to its effective date is further supported by the direction that the court should “impose sentence under the provisions of this act.” It is not likely that such language would have been used if intended to apply to a case where sentence had already been pronounced.
But of greatest cogency in respect of the point under consideration is the contrast between § 6 and § 7 of chapter 29. Section 6 provides, in the case of any person who “had been conviсted of an alcohol-related offense” prior to the effective date of chapter 29, for two kinds of relief. After service of at least six months of a license suspension, the person convicted can apply to the Division of Motor Vehicles for restoration of license upon agreement to pursue an approvеd program of alcohol education or rehabilitation. Section 6(a). And, after service of at least 30 days of a sentence of imprisonment, the individual may aрply to the court for discharge upon the same agreement. It is thus clearly discerned that the comprehensive scheme of the new statute for dealing with transitional situations was to afford relief to those offenders convicted prior to the effective date of chapter 29 pursuant to § 6 only, but giving those convicted thereafter the benеfit of the lighter sentencing available under chapter
When the legislative intent is as clearly manifested as it is here, the court is not at liberty to rule otherwise out of considerations of sympathy for the defendant or preference for the new as opрosed to the former statutory penal policies in this area.
Defendant having been convicted prior to the effective date of chapter 29, she has the right to apрly for the qualified relief allowable under § 6, but she is not entitled to an order of remand for plenary resentencing in accordance with the new sentencing scheme lеgislated by chapter 29.
Affirmed.