292 N.W. 401 | Minn. | 1939
The trial court held that the tax provided for by c. 405, § 2, if applied to railroads, amounted to an amendment of the gross earnings tax law, and because c. 405 had not been submitted to a vote of the people it was, as applied to railroads, unconstitutional under the provisions of Minn. Const. art.
At this late date it is unnecessary to go into a protracted discussion of the history, character, or effect of the gross earnings tax as it has been applied to railroads in this state. That form of taxation was applied to railroads in territorial days and by contract in the state prior to 1871 when it was validated and incorporated into the state constitution, which forbade the repeal or amendment of laws theretofore or thereafter enacted which provided or should provide for a gross earnings tax in lieu of all other taxes and assessments upon the real estate, roads, rolling stock, and other personal property of the railroads, without submitting such repeal or amendment to a vote of the people.
1. Throughout the legislation it is apparent that the gross earnings tax was imposed in lieu of all other taxes upon real *622 and personal property owned or operated for railway purposes, including franchises, and 1 Mason Minn. St. 1927, § 2246, is the present act in force by virtue of submission to the people and reads in part as follows:
"Gross earnings — Every railroad company owning or operating any line of railroad situated within or partly within this state, shall, during the year 1913 and annually thereafter, pay into the treasury of the state, in lieu of all taxes, upon all property within this state owned or operated for railway purposes, by such company, including equipment, appurtenances, appendages and franchises thereof, a sum of money equal to five per cent of the gross earnings derived from the operation of such line of railway within this state.
"* * * and the payments of such sums at the times hereinbefore set forth shall be in full and in lieu of all other taxes upon the property and franchises so taxed. * * *" (Italics supplied.)
In 1932 an amendment to the constitution was adopted authorizing license taxes on motor vehicles owned by companies paying gross earnings taxes, but at the same election the people disapproved of a proposed amendment which would have relieved the legislature of the necessity of submitting to the people any law imposing a tax upon the income, franchises, or privileges of railroad companies. Thus it is quite clear that the legislature and the people took the view that the franchises were property used in railroad operation and were covered by the gross earnings tax and were subject to the protection of art. 4, § 32a.
This court has repeatedly held that the gross earnings tax is a property tax upon all railroad property owned or operated for railroad purposes measured by the gross earnings of such property taken as a whole. Railway Express Agency, Inc. v. Holm,
2. The tax imposed upon a corporation by c. 405, § 2, is described by the legislature in that section as a tax "for the privilege of existing as a corporation or of transacting any local business within this state during any part of its taxable year, measured by its taxable net income for such year."
Is this a property tax upon the franchise? If so, then it is a tax upon a subject covered by the gross earnings tax and is invalid without a vote of the people to approve it. The state contends that it is an excise tax, and presents an elaborate and learned argument to that effect. We think, however, that the question is completely and conclusively answered in favor of defendants by the decision of this court in the case of Bemis Bro. Bag Co. v. Wallace,
Like the gross earnings tax law, c. 405, § 2, is a tax upon property measured by the net taxable income of the corporation. By its terms the section makes the tax a property tax and not an excise tax. We therefore hold that the tax imposed by c. 405, § 2, is a tax upon property already taxed under the gross earnings *624 tax and hence as applied to railroad corporations is invalid as to franchises insofar as they are exercised for railroad purposes.
3. Earnings from any source other than ownership or operation for a railroad purpose are not included in the gross earnings tax measure. Any property owned by the railroad, but used for a nonrailroad purpose, is subject to ordinary ad valorem
property taxation. County of Todd v. St. P. M. M. Ry. Co.
4. The state lists in its brief a number of items which it claims to be "nonoperating income," intending thereby to challenge the income therefrom as not properly earnings which result from railroad ownership or operation. Included in this list are the so-called "recapture" funds returned by the United States government to the railroads by act of congress, 48 St. 220, 49 USCA, § 15b. The United States under the transportation act of 1920, 41 St. 489, 49 USCA, § 15a(6), took one-half the net earnings of railroads over and above six per cent and held such sums for railroad transportation purposes. Defendants at the time paid taxes on their property measured by all their gross earnings including these funds and paid these funds to the government partly in cash and partly in liberty bonds. Can the return of these deposits by the government together with interest and accretions be deemed nonrailroad income for 1933 and as such taxable under c. 405? It seems clear that the original deposits were railroad income subject to the gross earnings tax and upon which such tax was paid. Therefore such returned funds cannot be considered nonrailroad income under c. 405, § 2. The repayment amounts to nothing more than the return to defendants of their own railroad earnings. The restoration reinstated the earnings in their original status. The funds, then, having been taken in the first instance for railroad purposes, held by the government for such purposes, and returned to the companies for railroad purposes, are not taxable under c. 405. We need not decide whether the accretions and interest are taxable items because the combined net loss reported is sufficient to absorb both items as well as some others subsequently discussed. The act of congress providing for the repayment of these recapture funds, 48 St. 220, expressly required that such repayments should be subject to federal income taxes. The board of tax appeals cases cited by the state are therefore not authority here. *626
5. The state also asserts a claim that income from federal securities is taxable "nonoperating income." Defendants contend that because interest on all state and local securities is expressly exempt it would be discriminatory against the federal government not to exempt interest on federal securities. Pertinent provisions of c. 405 are subds. (f) and (g) of § 12, exemptions from gross income:
"(f) Interest upon obligations of the State of Minnesota, any of its political or governmental subdivisions, any of its municipalities, or any of its governmental agencies or instrumentalities.
"(g) Income received from the United States, its possessions, its agencies, or its instrumentalities, so far as immune from state taxation under federal law."
Of course, the income from federal securities is, and was at the time c. 405 was enacted, immune from state taxation. Subd. (g), by expressly exempting income from federal securities so far as immune from state taxation under federal law, in effect, provides that such income shall not be included in the measure of the franchise tax. Although a state may constitutionally impose a franchise tax measured by income, including income from tax-exempt securities, Flint v. Stone Tracy Co,
6. Acting under the provisions of c. 405, §§ 9(a), 32(b, c), and 43 (a), the tax commission sought to increase the interest rate payable by the parent to the subsidiary companies on their demand deposits with the parent corporation. The rate established between the companies was 2 1/2 per cent (in the case of one of the companies 2 per cent), and this had been the rate for a long time before c. 405 was enacted. There was no evidence of attempted tax evasion. Therefore the tax commission had no authority to change the rate under the provisions of § 32(b) which are aimed at evasion. Section 9(a) is aimed exclusively at methods of accounting. Here there is no claim that the defendants employed no accounting system or that the system employed did not fairly reflect true taxable income. The tax commission had therefore no authority to increase the interest rate under § 9(a). Section 43(a) empowers the commission to examine the return and make investigation to determine the correctness thereof. Such provision does not empower the commission arbitrarily to increase the amount of taxable income. The amount of interest actually paid by the parent to the subsidiary companies was in fact 2 1/2 per cent. A return showing taxable income of the amount such rate brought could not be deemed incorrect. It follows that the commission had no statutory authority to change the rate of interest. The trial court found as a fact that the 2 1/2 per cent rate was reasonable in 1933 for demand deposits, that such had been the rate between the parent and these subsidiaries for a period of time long before the income tax law was enacted, and that there was no collusion on the part of these defendants or the parent company. There was sufficient evidence to sustain such findings. *628 If the 2 1/2 per cent rate was reasonable, then twice that rate would be unreasonable and arbitrary, especially when imposed without any evidence whatever upon which an inference of evasion could be based.
7. The state contends that the rent received by the Duluth Iron Range Rail Road, which leased its entire railroad property to the Duluth, Missabe Northern Railway Company, renders the Iron Range corporate franchise to exist taxable under c. 405 and that such rent should be included in the income which is the measure of the tax upon the franchise.
The gross earnings tax is a tax on all the railroad property owned by the Iron Range and leased to the Missabe. The character of the tax results in its being paid by the lessee, but it is a tax on whatever interest the lessor has in the property, tangible or intangible. It cannot be increased or supplemented by an additional tax without the approval of the people. To impose another tax would be, in effect, to amend § 2246, which by its terms covers ownership of railroad property as well as operation. To impose a tax on the lessor's receipts would be to duplicate the tax on the same property. State v. St. P. M. M. Ry. Co.
8. The nonrailroad income, if any, is necessarily subject to the provisions of c. 405, § 32(c), and should be included in the combined taxable net income of the affiliated corporations since the defendants herein are wholly owned by the Steel Corporation. We do not need to decide the character of the items listed as "rents received," amounting to $223,000, because under the consolidated return the combined deficit is so large that even if the whole sum of $223,000 together with the items of accretions and interest referred to above were included in the return as non-railroad income, there would still be a loss, and therefore no tax could be imposed in these proceedings. We therefore sustain the result reached in the trial court.
Judgments affirmed.
MR. JUSTICE PETERSON took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.
