34 Conn. App. 46 | Conn. App. Ct. | 1994
The defendant appeals from the judgment of the trial court revoking the defendant’s probation pursuant to General Statutes § 53a-32,
The following facts are necessary for a proper resolution of this appeal. On May 28, 1987, the defendant entered a guilty plea to two counts of risk of injury to a child in violation of General Statutes § 53-21,
The defendant was released from incarceration on May 19,1992, and reported to Christopher Langrock, a senior probation officer for the state of Connecticut, who explained the conditions of probation to him. The defendant requested a transfer of his probation supervision to New York City so that he could live with his father and he was assigned to Marisa St. John, a probation officer employed by the department of probation of the city of New York. St. John met the defendant on August 8, 1992, and directed him to enroll in the Metropolitan Diagnostic Treatment Center, a sex offender treatment program conducted by Rashmi Skadegaard. Skadegaard informed St. John that the defendant attended one session in August, several sessions in October and one session in November. On December 15, 1992, the defendant informed St. John that he was no longer attending Skadegaard’s program. In response, she ordered that he either continue attending Skadegaard’s program or enroll with CAP Behavior Associates. The defendant attended one session but decided not to attend more sessions because the program charged $25 per session. At that point, St. John directed the defendant to attend Skadegaard’s program. Instead, the defendant enrolled in Western Consultation Center, a program for treatment of pedophilia, and was treated by Henry McGoldrick, a doctoral student. St. John told the defendant that he must attend Skadegaard’s program because it treats sex offenders and treatment only for pedophilia was not appropriate. The defendant refused and St. John informed Langrock of the problem.
I
The defendant first claims that the trial court abused its discretion by denying his motion for real estate bond pending the resolution of the revocation proceedings. The defendant asserts that the trial court violated the privileges and immunities clause of the United States constitution. U.S. Const., art. IV, § 2.
“Appellate review of a constitutional claim to pretrial release is not available after a conviction because the defendant has no legal cognizable interest in the outcome of the appeal on that basis . . . .” State v. Augustine, 9 Conn. App. 74, 75, 515 A.2d 1079 (1986); see Murphy v. Hunt, 455 U.S. 478, 102 S. Ct. 1181, 71 L. Ed. 2d 353 (1981). Further, the issue does not fall under the exception of “ ‘capable of repetition, yet evading review.’ ” Murphy v. Hunt, supra, 482. That doctrine is limited to situations where two elements are met: “ ‘(1) the challenged action was in its duration too short to be fully litigated prior to its cessation or expiration, and (2) there was a reasonable expectation that the same complaining party would be subjected to the same action again.’ ” Id. The first element is not met in this case. The defendant could have fully litigated the issue by challenging the denial of the real estate
II
The defendant next claims that the trial court abused its discretion by denying him discovery. The defendant asserts that the trial court’s refusal to order the state to produce the New York probation file denied him the right to due process. We are unpersuaded.
Certain additional facts are necessary for a proper resolution of this issue. On February 26, 1993, the defendant filed a motion for discovery and production. The motion requested, inter alia, “the names, telephone numbers, and titles of all probation officers and their supervisors both in New York and Connecticut who had contact with the DeMasi probation file known to the state and an acquiescence to the defendant’s attorney having access to any probation files or records to conduct a search for exculpatory material therein.” The trial court held a hearing on the matter on March 8, 1993, and denied the motion. The defendant did not attempt to subpoena the New York files.
“[T]he loss of liberty resulting from the revocation of probation is a serious deprivation requiring that the probationer be accorded due process of law; Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778, 781, 93 S. Ct. 1756, 36 L. Ed. 2d 656 (1973); Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471, 480-84, 92 S.Ct. 2593, 33 L. Ed. 2d 484 (1972). . . .” Payne v. Robinson, 207 Conn. 565, 574, 541 A.2d 504,
Ill
The defendant next claims that the trial court improperly revoked his probation because he did not receive formal notice of changes to the conditions of probation. The defendant asserts that St. John changed the conditions of probation when she required him to attend Skadegaard’s program and that he should have received formal notice of that change. See United States v. Barth, 899 F.2d 199, 203 (2d Cir. 1990). We are unpersuaded.
The claim by the defendant that the conditions of probation changed is not supported by the record. When the defendant was placed on probation, one of the conditions was that he receive “such inpatient or outpatient psychological and psychosexual treatment as is deemed appropriate and/or necessary by the department
IV
The defendant next claims that the trial court abused its discretion by finding that he violated the conditions of probation. Specifically, the defendant claims that St. John was not believable as a witness and that the trial judge was biased against the defendant. We are unpersuaded.
“We will not substitute our judgment for that of the trial court on issues of credibility.” State v. Navikaukas, 12 Conn. App. 679, 683, 533 A.2d 1214 (1987), cert. denied, 207 Conn. 804, 540 A.2d 74 (1988). “ ‘It was within the trial court’s discretion to determine the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony, including the testimony of the defendant’s probation officer.’ ” State v. Scott, 31 Conn. App. 660, 666, 626 A.2d 817 (1993); State v. Baxter, 19 Conn. App. 304, 320-21, 563 A.2d 721 (1989). “In determining whether there has been an abuse of discretion, every reasonable presumption should be given in favor of the correctness of the court’s ruling. . . .Reversal is required only where an abuse of discretion is manifest or where injustice appears to have been done.” (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Reddick, 224 Conn. 445, 467, 619 A.2d 453 (1993); State v. Villano, 33 Conn. App. 162, 170, 634 A.2d 907 (1993). On the basis of the entire record, we are unable to conclude that the trial court abused its discretion.
V
The defendant next claims that the trial court improperly refused to admit evidence that the beneficial purposes of probation were still being served, failed to evaluate whether the beneficial aspects of probation were still being served and improperly determined that the beneficial purposes of probation were no longer being served when he provided sufficient evidence to the contrary. We are unpersuaded.
The defendant failed to brief the issue of the trial court’s refusal to admit evidence of the beneficial purposes of probation. “An appellant who fails to brief a claim abandons it. . . .” State v. Zarick, 227 Conn. 207, 221, 630 A.2d 565 (1993). Instead, the defendant
We review the sufficiency of the evidence to support this implied finding by determining whether the state provided sufficient evidence so that, had the trial court explicitly found that the beneficial purposes of probation were no longer being served, “that is, his rehabilitation and the protection of society, were no longer being served”; State v. Johnson, supra, 11 Conn. App. 259; it would not have abused its discretion. State v. Carey, supra, 228 Conn. 498. “In making this . . . determination, the trial court is vested with broad discretion. State v. Smith, 207 Conn. 152, 167, 540 A.2d 679(1988) . . . .” State v. Davis, 229 Conn. 285, 290, 641 A.2d 370 (1994). “In determining whether there has been an abuse of discretion, every reasonable presumption should be given in favor of the correctness of the court’s ruling. . . . Reversal is required only where an abuse of discretion is manifest or where injustice appears to have been done.” (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Reddick, supra, 224 Conn. 467; State v. Villano, supra, 33 Conn. App. 170.
General Statutes § 53a-32 (b) provides that revocation shall not be ordered “except upon consideration of the whole record . . . .” The record reveals that the defendant was convicted of risk of injury to a child and
VI
The defendant next claims that the trial court improperly prohibited the introduction of evidence. The defendant specifically claims that the trial court improperly refused to allow evidence of assaults suffered by him while in jail because the evidence tended to show that he was motivated to stay out of jail.
The judgment is affirmed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
General Statutes § 53a-32 provides: “(a) At any time during the period of probation or conditional discharge, the court or any judge thereof may issue a warrant for the arrest of a defendant for violation of any of the conditions of probation or conditional discharge, or may issue a notice to appear to answer to a charge of such violation, which notice shall be personally served upon the defendant. Any such warrant shall authorize all officers named therein to return the defendant to the custody of the court or to any suitable detention facility designated by the court. Any probation officer may arrest any defendant on probation without a warrant or may deputize any other officer with power to arrest to do so by giving him a written statement setting forth that the defendant has, in the judgment of the probation officer, violated the conditions of his probation. Such written statement, delivered with the defendant by the arresting officer to the official in charge of any correctional center or other place of detention, shall be sufficient warrant for the detention of the defendant. After making such an arrest, such probation officer shall present to the detaining authorities a similar statement of the circumstances of violation. Provisions regarding release on bail of persons charged with a crime shall be applicable to any defendant arrested under the provisions of this section. Upon such arrest and detention, the probation officer shall immediately so notify the court or any judge thereof. Thereupon, or upon an arrest by warrant as herein provided, the court shall cause the defendant to be brought before it without unnecessary delay for a hearing on the violation charges. At such hearing the defendant shall be informed of the manner in which he is alleged to have violated the conditions of his probation or conditional discharge, shall be advised by the court that he has the right to retain counsel and, if indigent, shall be entitled to the services of the public defender, and shall have the right to cross-examine witnesses and to present evidence in his own behalf.
“(b) If such violation is established, the court may continue or revoke the sentence of probation or conditional discharge or modify or enlarge the conditions, and, if such sentence is revoked, require the defendant to serve the sentence imposed or impose any lesser sentence. No such revocation shall be ordered, except upon consideration of the whole record and unless such violation is established by reliable and probative evidence.”
General Statutes § 53-21 provides: “Any person who wilfully or unlawfully causes or permits any child under the age of sixteen years to be placed in such a situation that its life or limb is endangered, or its health is likely to be injured, or its morals likely to be impaired, or does any act likely to impair the health or morals of any such child, shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than ten years or both.”
General Statutes § 53a-71 provides in pertinent part: “(a) A person is guilty of sexual assault in the second degree when such person engages in sexual intercourse with another person and such other person is (1) under sixteen years of age . . . .”
Section 2 to the fourth article of the United States constitution provides: “The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.”
General Statutes § 54-63g provides: “Any accused person or the state, aggrieved by an order of the superior court concerning release, may petition the appellate court for review of such order. Any such petition shall have precedence over any other matter before said appellate court and any hearing shall be heard expeditiously with reasonable notice.”
Practice Book § 997 provides: “A motion to disqualify a judicial authority shall be in writing and shall be accompanied by an affidavit setting forth the facts relied upon to show the grounds for disqualification and a certificate of the counsel of record that the motion is made in good faith. The motion shall be filed no less than ten days before the time the case is called for trial or hearing, unless good cause is shown for failure to file within such time.”
The transcript reveals that the following colloquy occurred at trial:
“[Defense Counsel]: Were you motivated to meet the terms of your probation?
“A: Yes
“Q: Did you have any particular fears about jail that would have typical—
“A: Well, I was assaulted twelve times, extorted two or three times in prison, and I had an extremely difficult incarceration.
“Q: As a result of your incarceration, were you afraid to go back to jail?
“A: Absolutely
“Q: Did any of these assaults result in physical damage of any kind?
“A: Well, one of the first days I arrived at Somers I was smashed in the face with a shoe and it broke several bones and I required surgery.
“[Prosecutor]: Your Honor, what’s this got to do with [inaudible]?
“[Defense Counsel]: Your Honor, the relevancy is I’m trying to show that my client was extremely motivated to comply with his—
“The Court: He’s already stated that. Do we have to go into details?
“[Defense Counsel]: Your Honor, I think it would help the court to—
“The Court: I’ll tell you what: I don’t think I’d want to go to jail. I don’t care which one. It could be the palace, but you can’t get out. I wouldn’t want it.
“[Defense Counsel]: Your Honor, if an individual is being assaulted in jail, even if it was set up like a palace—
“The Court: Well-
“[Defense Counsel]: He would have more incentive.
“The Court: Sir, that has nothing to do with anything. The question is did he violate his probation. That’s the whole question. Whether he was motivated or not is irrelevant. The question is did he violate the terms and conditions of probation.”