Carlos Delgado was jury-convicted of second degree assault, a class C felony, § 565.060 RSMo 1986, for which crime he received a 90-day jail sentence and a $1 fine. The assault charge was filed after Delgado, following an argument with Jeffrey Gamble, struck Gamble in the head with a metal jack handle.
Delgado appeals his conviction, alleging the trial court erred in (1) refusing to declare a mistrial after the arresting officer testified that when he went to Delgado’s apartment and tried to talk to him about the incident, Delgado refused to discuss it, and (2) in refusing his instructions on the doctrine of self-defense.
Our examination of the record convinces us that the trial court did not err in either of the respects Delgado complains about, and we, therefore, affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Gamble and the girls walked to their cars which were parked in the Rumors parking lot. Delgado, still standing in front of the nightclub, continued cursing and yelling obscenities at the group. While standing beside one of their cars in the parking lot, an automobile that had picked up Delgado in front of the building approached Gamble’s group and stopped. Delgado jumped out of the car carrying a metal bar that was identified as a jack handle. He was staggering and cursing Gamble. Gamble told him that he didn’t want any trouble, and for Delgado to just get back in the car and go home. Delgado continued to advance toward Gamble, cursing and swinging the jack handle. He swung the metal bar at Gamble’s head. Gamble put up his arms to ward off the blow, and was struck on his arm near the elbow. The metal bar glanced off Gamble’s arm and struck him in the side of the head, inflicting a wound that bled profusely and required six stitches to close. Gamble then grappled with Delgado, and the two men fell to the ground as the weapon was dislodged from Delgado’s hand. After a brief scuffle, Delgado left the scene. The police were called, and Gamble was taken to the hospital where his wound was cared for.
Officer Mike Owen of the Springfield Police Department was assigned to investigate the incident. He went to the scene, located and recovered the weapon, took statements from witnesses and then went to Delgado's apartment about 2:40 a.m. on October 30th to talk to him about the matter. Delgado was home, in what Owen believed to be a drunken condition.
At trial, Owen was asked if Delgado was willing to give him a statement about the incident, and Owen answered, “No.” Neither the question or answer was objected to. Later, after a series of questions concerning Delgado’s intoxicated state, Owen was asked, “And again, was he willing to talk to you?” This question was not objected to. Owen answered, “No.” Following the answer Delgado’s trial counsel moved for a mistrial on the grounds that the question was an improper reference to Delgado’s refusal to answer questions, since Delgado had a constitutional right to remain silent. The trial court denied the request for a mistrial, and, in spite of the fact that Delgado’s lawyer had not actually objected to the offending question, stated:
THE COURT: I’m going to overrule your motion for mistrial but I will instruct the jury to disregard the last question and any answer. Was there an answer to it?
MR. RUSH: No, there was not.
MR. VAN ARKEL: Yes. He did say that he hadn’t.
THE COURT: All right.
[The following proceedings were had in open court:]
THE COURT: The Court is sustaining the objection and will direct the jury to disregard the question and any answer given.
Delgado testified in his own defense, in which testimony he (1) admitted being drunk during the incident, (2) admitted that he was angry and upset with Gamble, and (3) alleged he advanced toward Gamble with the tire tool in self-defense, but denied hitting him with it. Based on the evidence
It has long been the law of Missouri that it is error for the State to introduce evidence that a person being subjected to custodial interrogation, who is later charged with committing the crime being investigated, remained silent or claimed his privilege to remain silent when questioned about the crime.
State v. Starks,
When Owen was first asked whether Delgado was willing to talk to him when he went to his apartment, no objection was made to the question asked nor the answer given. Under such circumstances, it has been held that any claim of error is waived.
State v. O’Dell,
A declaration of mistrial is a drastic remedy, which is to be exercised only in extraordinary circumstances.
State v. Young,
In his remaining point of claimed error, Delgado’s counsel asserts that the trial court erred in refusing to give his proffered instructions which were marked “A”, “B”, and “C”. The first of these instructions stated that one of the issues of the case was whether Delgado acted in self-defense when he used force in his assault on Gamble, and spelled out the law on the self-defense issue. The second stated the State had the burden of proving Delgado did not act in self-defense, and that if the jury found that Delgado was not the initial aggressor in the encounter with Gamble, and if he reasonably believed that he was in imminent danger of harm from the acts of Gamble, and that Delgado used only such force as reasonably appeared to be necessary to defend himself, then they must find Delgado acted in self-defense and was not guilty. The last instruction parroted the second, only it referred to “non-deadly force” used by Delgado instead of the word “force” used in instruction “B”.
The problem with this argument is that, even looked at in the light most favorable to Delgado, there is no substantial
The uncontroverted evidence was that Delgado was the aggressor, and rather than attempting to avoid a confrontation, he created one. Gamble and his female companions had left the scene of the earlier confrontation when Delgado appeared in the parking lot armed with a tire iron and advanced on Gamble. Since Delgado’s proffered instructions lacked eviden-tiary support, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by refusing to give them.
Judgment affirmed.
