160 Minn. 382 | Minn. | 1924
These proceedings were brought to enforce the payment of taxes upon real estate in the county of Itasca for the year 1921. The amount claimed included a tax levied under and pursuant to chapter 271, p. 282, of the Laws of 1919. The - defendants above named, owners of real estate in that county, severally interposed answers asserting that this statute violated the constitutional provisions forbidding special legislation, and that the tax levied thereunder was illegal and void. Judgment was rendered against the respective parcels of land for the full amount of the tax claimed, and the defendants above named severally appealed.
Section 1 of the act provides:
“In each county in this state in which a majority of the rural schools, and not less than one-third of the total school enrollment, are or shall be in one or more school districts each of which embrace ten or more townships, the per capita assessed valuation of which district or districts is or shall be- less than one-half the per capita assessed valuation of the entire county, the county auditor shall annually, on or before the tenth day of October, make a county school tax levy of ten mills upon all the taxable property in the county, which tax and the proceeds thereof he shall apportion, as and when other apportionments are made, among the school districts of the county on the basis of their respective school enrollments during the school year last preceding.”
Section 2 provides that the words “per capita,” as used in the act, shall mean “per capita of school enrollment during the school year last preceding”; and it further provides that no school district shall be entitled to any portion- of the fund unless it has had at least 5 months of school within the year, nor for any pupil who
Section 3 provides:
“Nothing herein contained shall he construed to prohibit the levying of taxes by said school districts as by law otherwise provided, but the aggregate of said county school tax and of the district tax levied in each district shall not exceed the maximum allowed by law to be levied in such district.”
Section 4 provides that the amounts apportioned to each district from such county school tax shall be kept in a separate fund by the district “and the disbursement and expenditure by said district of so much of said fund as exceeds the amount thereof raised within said district shall be subject to the reasonable supervision and approval of a committee comprising the chairmen, of all the school districts in the county.”
It further provides for the organization of this committee but defines its powers and duties in only very general terms.
The act is general in form, but it is conceded that Itasca county is the only county which now comes within its provisions. That only one county is now within the class created by the act does not make it void as special legislation, unless other counties, similarly situated and having like need for similar legislation, are arbitrarily excluded by provisions which have no legitimate relation to the subject matter of the legislation or the purpose intended to be accomplished by it. We start with the presumption that the circumstances and conditions specified by the legislature furnish a proper and sufficient basis for the classification, and that the act is valid.
Appellants contend that the classification is of counties, but is based on conditions pertaining exclusively to school districts and in no way germane to the classification of counties as such, and is arbitrary and invalid for that reason. This contention implies that the governmental duties performed through the agency of counties are so distinct and disconnected from those performed through the agency of school districts that a county cannot be made a taxing unit or district for school purposes. If the legislature may make counties taxing units for school purposes, it may make differences
To bring a county within the class created by the act in question, these things must concur: A majority of its rural schools and at least one-third of its total school enrollment must be within one or more school districts containing not less than ten townships each, and the per capita assessed valuation of such district or districts must be less than one-half of the per capita assessed valuation of the entire county. Appellants contend that the circumstances and conditions made the basis of this classification are arbitrary and have no proper relation to the subject matter of the act or the
Appellants further contend that this act taxes one locality for the sole benefit of another and is void for that reason. We may concede that an act taxing one county for the sole benefit of another, or one school district for the sole benefit of another, could not be sustained, but this is not such a statute. This statute makes the county a taxing unit for the support, in part, of the schools within it. The money produced by the county tax is to be apportioned to the school districts of the county on the basis of their respective school enrollments. Each district receives its proportionate part. The county tax contributes to the support of only those schools which are maintained for the benefit of the people of the county. That the legislature has power to impose such a tax has been settled too long and too firmly to require argument.
The laws of other states relating to public schools differ from ours, and the decisions in other jurisdictions seldom have any direct bearing upon the questions arising under our laws, but such decisions are of value as indicating the plenary power of the legislature in all matters pertaining to public schools except as restricted by express constitutional provisions. See Southern Ry. Co. v. St. Clair Co. 124 Ala. 491, 27 South. 23; City of Jackson v. Hinds County, 104 Miss. 199, 61 South. 175; Dickinson v. Edmondson, 120 Ark. 80, 178 S. W. 930, Ann. Cas. 1917C, 913; Clark v. Cline, 123 Ga. 856, 51 S. E. 617; Edmondson v. Board of Education, 108 Tenn. 557, 69 S. W. 274, 58 L. R. A. 170; School District v. Bryan, 51 Wash. 498, 99 South. 28, 21 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1018; State ex rel. v. Mathews, 150 Ind. 597, 50 N. E. 572.
The judgments are affirmed.